Triple

T1462447
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject fluctuation–dissipation theorem E31542 entity
Predicate wasDevelopedBy P73 FINISHED
Object Theodore A. Welton
Theodore A. Welton was a physicist best known for co-formulating the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, a fundamental result in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.
E506140 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Theodore A. Welton | Statement: [fluctuation–dissipation theorem, wasDevelopedBy, Theodore A. Welton]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Theodore A. Welton
Context triple: [fluctuation–dissipation theorem, wasDevelopedBy, Theodore A. Welton]
  • A. Albert D. Wheelon
    Albert D. Wheelon was an American physicist and intelligence official known for his pioneering role in developing U.S. satellite reconnaissance programs and later contributions to aerospace and national security policy.
  • B. Louis D. Wilson
    Louis D. Wilson was a 19th-century North Carolina politician and military officer after whom the city of Wilson, North Carolina, is named.
  • C. Harry M. Wegeforth
    Harry M. Wegeforth was an American physician and civic leader best known for establishing and guiding the early development of the San Diego Zoo into a major zoological institution.
  • D. Turlington W. Harvey
    Turlington W. Harvey was an early landowner and developer whose name was given to the city of Harvey, Illinois.
  • E. Charles S. Hamlin
    Charles S. Hamlin was an American lawyer and public official who became the first chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, helping to establish the early framework of U.S. central banking policy.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Theodore A. Welton
Triple: [fluctuation–dissipation theorem, wasDevelopedBy, Theodore A. Welton]
Generated description
Theodore A. Welton was a physicist best known for co-formulating the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, a fundamental result in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Theodore A. Welton
Target entity description: Theodore A. Welton was a physicist best known for co-formulating the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, a fundamental result in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.
  • A. Albert D. Wheelon
    Albert D. Wheelon was an American physicist and intelligence official known for his pioneering role in developing U.S. satellite reconnaissance programs and later contributions to aerospace and national security policy.
  • B. Louis D. Wilson
    Louis D. Wilson was a 19th-century North Carolina politician and military officer after whom the city of Wilson, North Carolina, is named.
  • C. Harry M. Wegeforth
    Harry M. Wegeforth was an American physician and civic leader best known for establishing and guiding the early development of the San Diego Zoo into a major zoological institution.
  • D. Turlington W. Harvey
    Turlington W. Harvey was an early landowner and developer whose name was given to the city of Harvey, Illinois.
  • E. Charles S. Hamlin
    Charles S. Hamlin was an American lawyer and public official who became the first chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, helping to establish the early framework of U.S. central banking policy.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49917dfc081909acdbdf5d684f1ef completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c5b6e36c81909c47b2f7e66f17d7 completed March 1, 2026, 11:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69befe34c0908190a618ff01ee27bfbb completed March 21, 2026, 8:23 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69befeef64a881909084192de027d2e8 completed March 21, 2026, 8:26 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69beff440c1c8190b8e6d74ac4c8ad77 completed March 21, 2026, 8:27 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8 p.m.