Triple
T14468768
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Cuman–Kipchak confederation |
E358781
|
entity |
| Predicate | neighbors |
P11274
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Volga Bulgars |
E120221
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Volga Bulgars | Statement: [Cuman–Kipchak confederation, neighbors, Volga Bulgars]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Volga Bulgars Context triple: [Cuman–Kipchak confederation, neighbors, Volga Bulgars]
-
A.
Bulgars
chosen
The Bulgars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who migrated into southeastern Europe in the early Middle Ages and played a central role in founding the First Bulgarian Empire.
-
B.
Pechenegs
The Pechenegs were a semi-nomadic Turkic people of the medieval Eurasian steppe known for their cavalry warfare and significant role in the politics of Eastern Europe and the Byzantine frontier.
-
C.
Tatars
Tatars are a Turkic ethnic group historically centered in regions of Russia and Central Asia, known for their diverse subgroups, Islamic heritage, and significant cultural influence across the Eurasian steppe.
-
D.
Kipchak-Cuman
Kipchak-Cuman is a branch of the Turkic language family historically associated with the Kipchak and Cuman nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppes.
-
E.
Kipchak–Bulgar group
The Kipchak–Bulgar group is a subgroup of the Turkic languages that combines features of both Kipchak and Bulgar linguistic traditions, exemplified by languages such as Mishar Tatar.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d827966698819082e140837737501d |
completed | April 9, 2026, 10:26 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69de91f8613c819080424104c0b7f4c3 |
completed | April 14, 2026, 7:14 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69fd7a3bade48190a4608ca46f5f558a |
completed | May 8, 2026, 5:52 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 1:20 a.m.