Triple
T143821
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Shafi Goldwasser |
E2908
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Probabilistic Encryption
Probabilistic Encryption is a cryptographic technique that uses randomness in the encryption process so that the same message encrypts to different ciphertexts, enhancing security against attackers.
|
E17287
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Probabilistic Encryption | Statement: [Shafi Goldwasser, notableWork, Probabilistic Encryption]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Probabilistic Encryption Context triple: [Shafi Goldwasser, notableWork, Probabilistic Encryption]
-
A.
New Directions in Cryptography
New Directions in Cryptography is a landmark 1976 paper that introduced the concepts of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, fundamentally reshaping modern cryptography and secure communications.
-
B.
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is Claude Shannon’s foundational paper that established the mathematical basis of modern cryptography and information-theoretic security.
-
C.
Diffie–Hellman key exchange
Diffie–Hellman key exchange is a foundational cryptographic protocol that enables two parties to securely establish a shared secret over an insecure communication channel.
-
D.
RSA
RSA is a widely used public-key cryptographic algorithm that enables secure key exchange and digital signatures in many internet security protocols.
-
E.
Silvio Micali
Silvio Micali is an Italian computer scientist renowned for his foundational contributions to cryptography, zero-knowledge proofs, and secure protocols.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Probabilistic Encryption Triple: [Shafi Goldwasser, notableWork, Probabilistic Encryption]
Generated description
Probabilistic Encryption is a cryptographic technique that uses randomness in the encryption process so that the same message encrypts to different ciphertexts, enhancing security against attackers.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Probabilistic Encryption Target entity description: Probabilistic Encryption is a cryptographic technique that uses randomness in the encryption process so that the same message encrypts to different ciphertexts, enhancing security against attackers.
-
A.
New Directions in Cryptography
New Directions in Cryptography is a landmark 1976 paper that introduced the concepts of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, fundamentally reshaping modern cryptography and secure communications.
-
B.
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is Claude Shannon’s foundational paper that established the mathematical basis of modern cryptography and information-theoretic security.
-
C.
Diffie–Hellman key exchange
Diffie–Hellman key exchange is a foundational cryptographic protocol that enables two parties to securely establish a shared secret over an insecure communication channel.
-
D.
RSA
RSA is a widely used public-key cryptographic algorithm that enables secure key exchange and digital signatures in many internet security protocols.
-
E.
Silvio Micali
Silvio Micali is an Italian computer scientist renowned for his foundational contributions to cryptography, zero-knowledge proofs, and secure protocols.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2521e35c08190b28e5c9f1e3c9b59 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 2:25 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a257caf678819092e975d5167f9df4 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 2:49 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a2bf691a848190a4f6e40d9aea2168 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 10:11 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a2c1179c6c8190a118c6f4ef8d555e |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 10:19 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a2c1c769f08190b0a8b372e13fc5de |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 10:21 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:31 a.m.