Triple

T1428732
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Harold Davenport E30393 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object The Higher Arithmetic
The Higher Arithmetic is a classic introductory textbook on number theory, widely regarded for its clear exposition and influence on generations of mathematicians.
E163263 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Higher Arithmetic | Statement: [Harold Davenport, notableWork, The Higher Arithmetic]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Higher Arithmetic
Context triple: [Harold Davenport, notableWork, The Higher Arithmetic]
  • A. An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers
    An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers is a classic textbook in number theory, co-authored by G. H. Hardy, that systematically develops fundamental concepts such as divisibility, prime numbers, Diophantine equations, and quadratic forms.
  • B. Disquisitiones Arithmeticae
    Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a foundational 1801 treatise on number theory that systematically developed the subject and introduced many of its central concepts and methods.
  • C. Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint
    "Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint" is a classic three-volume work by Felix Klein that reexamines school-level mathematics through the lens of modern, rigorous mathematical theory and pedagogy.
  • D. A Course of Pure Mathematics
    A Course of Pure Mathematics is a classic early 20th-century textbook that rigorously introduces the foundations of mathematical analysis and helped shape modern university-level mathematics education.
  • E. Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik
    Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik is Gottlob Frege’s seminal philosophical work that lays the logical foundations of arithmetic and advances the logicist thesis that arithmetic is reducible to pure logic.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Higher Arithmetic
Triple: [Harold Davenport, notableWork, The Higher Arithmetic]
Generated description
The Higher Arithmetic is a classic introductory textbook on number theory, widely regarded for its clear exposition and influence on generations of mathematicians.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Higher Arithmetic
Target entity description: The Higher Arithmetic is a classic introductory textbook on number theory, widely regarded for its clear exposition and influence on generations of mathematicians.
  • A. An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers
    An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers is a classic textbook in number theory, co-authored by G. H. Hardy, that systematically develops fundamental concepts such as divisibility, prime numbers, Diophantine equations, and quadratic forms.
  • B. Disquisitiones Arithmeticae
    Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a foundational 1801 treatise on number theory that systematically developed the subject and introduced many of its central concepts and methods.
  • C. Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint
    "Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint" is a classic three-volume work by Felix Klein that reexamines school-level mathematics through the lens of modern, rigorous mathematical theory and pedagogy.
  • D. A Course of Pure Mathematics
    A Course of Pure Mathematics is a classic early 20th-century textbook that rigorously introduces the foundations of mathematical analysis and helped shape modern university-level mathematics education.
  • E. Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik
    Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik is Gottlob Frege’s seminal philosophical work that lays the logical foundations of arithmetic and advances the logicist thesis that arithmetic is reducible to pure logic.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a498fb823c8190a67ce4c4837e641a completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c4d9575881908bb58598e5a80590 completed March 1, 2026, 10:59 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad016930ec8190ab3900d6f40c4aa0 completed March 8, 2026, 4:56 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad01d1c01c81908917c4837ed2b393 completed March 8, 2026, 4:57 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad0265f610819085a2dd293abd4812 completed March 8, 2026, 5 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8 p.m.