Triple

T13985237
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Viki Weisskopf E336420 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission
The Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission is a foundational quantum electrodynamics model that explains how excited atomic states decay probabilistically by emitting photons, yielding the characteristic exponential decay law and natural linewidths of spectral lines.
E1074043 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission | Statement: [Viki Weisskopf, notableWork, Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission
Context triple: [Viki Weisskopf, notableWork, Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission]
  • A. Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications
    Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications is a comprehensive advanced physics textbook that systematically develops the quantum theory of light–matter interaction and its applications in areas such as laser physics, spectroscopy, and quantum optics.
  • B. Dicke superradiance
    Dicke superradiance is a quantum optical phenomenon in which a group of closely spaced excited atoms emit light cooperatively, producing an intense, short burst of radiation much stronger than the sum of their independent emissions.
  • C. Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula
    The Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula is a fundamental quantum mechanical expression that describes how light is scattered by atoms and molecules, forming the basis for understanding phenomena such as Raman scattering and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.
  • D. Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
    Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
  • E. Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
    Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission
Triple: [Viki Weisskopf, notableWork, Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission]
Generated description
The Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission is a foundational quantum electrodynamics model that explains how excited atomic states decay probabilistically by emitting photons, yielding the characteristic exponential decay law and natural linewidths of spectral lines.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission
Target entity description: The Weisskopf–Wigner theory of spontaneous emission is a foundational quantum electrodynamics model that explains how excited atomic states decay probabilistically by emitting photons, yielding the characteristic exponential decay law and natural linewidths of spectral lines.
  • A. Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications
    Atom–Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications is a comprehensive advanced physics textbook that systematically develops the quantum theory of light–matter interaction and its applications in areas such as laser physics, spectroscopy, and quantum optics.
  • B. Dicke superradiance
    Dicke superradiance is a quantum optical phenomenon in which a group of closely spaced excited atoms emit light cooperatively, producing an intense, short burst of radiation much stronger than the sum of their independent emissions.
  • C. Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula
    The Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula is a fundamental quantum mechanical expression that describes how light is scattered by atoms and molecules, forming the basis for understanding phenomena such as Raman scattering and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.
  • D. Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
    Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
  • E. Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
    Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d81c639e808190a0e4b4f3d31c6a59 completed April 9, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69de2ea3e5a081908ed8ead108139252 completed April 14, 2026, 12:10 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69fbac942ba481908858d7f214085b5f completed May 6, 2026, 9:03 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69fbaf150bac8190a9a2ed59cd8461c4 completed May 6, 2026, 9:13 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69fbaf91632c8190a956aa40c4ba335d completed May 6, 2026, 9:16 p.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 10:18 p.m.