Triple
T13566271
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Michael Abrash |
E324042
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
The Graphics Programming Black Book
The Graphics Programming Black Book is a highly regarded collection of Michael Abrash’s writings on low-level graphics, performance optimization, and game programming, especially in the DOS and early PC era.
|
E1046293
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Graphics Programming Black Book | Statement: [Michael Abrash, notableWork, The Graphics Programming Black Book]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Graphics Programming Black Book Context triple: [Michael Abrash, notableWork, The Graphics Programming Black Book]
-
A.
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice is a foundational textbook that comprehensively covers the theory and algorithms underlying modern computer graphics.
-
B.
Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics
Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics is a foundational textbook that introduces the principles, algorithms, and techniques underlying modern computer graphics and interactive visual systems.
-
C.
Borland graphics interface (BGI) libraries
The Borland Graphics Interface (BGI) libraries are a set of graphics routines provided by Borland compilers that allow DOS-based programs to draw shapes, text, and images in various video modes without requiring low-level hardware programming.
-
D.
Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++
Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++ is an introductory programming textbook by Bjarne Stroustrup that teaches fundamental programming concepts and techniques using the C++ language.
-
E.
Advanced Graphics Architecture
Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA) is the enhanced 32-bit graphics chipset used in later Commodore Amiga computers, offering improved color depth and display capabilities over earlier Amiga chipsets.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Graphics Programming Black Book Triple: [Michael Abrash, notableWork, The Graphics Programming Black Book]
Generated description
The Graphics Programming Black Book is a highly regarded collection of Michael Abrash’s writings on low-level graphics, performance optimization, and game programming, especially in the DOS and early PC era.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Graphics Programming Black Book Target entity description: The Graphics Programming Black Book is a highly regarded collection of Michael Abrash’s writings on low-level graphics, performance optimization, and game programming, especially in the DOS and early PC era.
-
A.
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice
Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice is a foundational textbook that comprehensively covers the theory and algorithms underlying modern computer graphics.
-
B.
Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics
Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics is a foundational textbook that introduces the principles, algorithms, and techniques underlying modern computer graphics and interactive visual systems.
-
C.
Borland graphics interface (BGI) libraries
The Borland Graphics Interface (BGI) libraries are a set of graphics routines provided by Borland compilers that allow DOS-based programs to draw shapes, text, and images in various video modes without requiring low-level hardware programming.
-
D.
Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++
Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++ is an introductory programming textbook by Bjarne Stroustrup that teaches fundamental programming concepts and techniques using the C++ language.
-
E.
Advanced Graphics Architecture
Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA) is the enhanced 32-bit graphics chipset used in later Commodore Amiga computers, offering improved color depth and display capabilities over earlier Amiga chipsets.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d8076830b48190910a902bae5888e2 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69dbb00cecd48190a9a2caff3d424817 |
completed | April 12, 2026, 2:45 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f75db031d88190983e3ccd054082bd |
completed | May 3, 2026, 2:37 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69f75e4222d481909781824cefb69b49 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 2:40 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69f75e9fc1508190800291a16840a9a8 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 2:41 p.m. |
Created at: April 9, 2026, 9:48 p.m.