Triple

T130836
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Hermann Minkowski E2649 entity
Predicate doctoralStudent P167 FINISHED
Object Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Sommerfeld was a pioneering German theoretical physicist whose work in atomic and quantum theory significantly shaped modern physics and influenced generations of prominent scientists.
E32730 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Arnold Sommerfeld | Statement: [Hermann Minkowski, doctoralStudent, Arnold Sommerfeld]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arnold Sommerfeld
Context triple: [Hermann Minkowski, doctoralStudent, Arnold Sommerfeld]
  • A. Max Born
    Max Born was a German physicist and Nobel laureate who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics, particularly in the statistical interpretation of the wave function.
  • B. Philipp Frank
    Philipp Frank was an Austrian physicist and philosopher best known as a leading member of the Vienna Circle and an influential proponent of logical positivism.
  • C. James Franck
    James Franck was a German-born physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for the Franck–Hertz experiment and his later work on the Manhattan Project in the United States.
  • D. Max Planck
    Max Planck was a German theoretical physicist regarded as the founder of quantum theory and a key figure in modern physics.
  • E. Eugene Wigner
    Eugene Wigner was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate whose pioneering work in quantum mechanics and the theory of symmetries profoundly shaped modern physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Arnold Sommerfeld
Triple: [Hermann Minkowski, doctoralStudent, Arnold Sommerfeld]
Generated description
Arnold Sommerfeld was a pioneering German theoretical physicist whose work in atomic and quantum theory significantly shaped modern physics and influenced generations of prominent scientists.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arnold Sommerfeld
Target entity description: Arnold Sommerfeld was a pioneering German theoretical physicist whose work in atomic and quantum theory significantly shaped modern physics and influenced generations of prominent scientists.
  • A. Max Born
    Max Born was a German physicist and Nobel laureate who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics, particularly in the statistical interpretation of the wave function.
  • B. Philipp Frank
    Philipp Frank was an Austrian physicist and philosopher best known as a leading member of the Vienna Circle and an influential proponent of logical positivism.
  • C. James Franck
    James Franck was a German-born physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for the Franck–Hertz experiment and his later work on the Manhattan Project in the United States.
  • D. Max Planck
    Max Planck was a German theoretical physicist regarded as the founder of quantum theory and a key figure in modern physics.
  • E. Eugene Wigner
    Eugene Wigner was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate whose pioneering work in quantum mechanics and the theory of symmetries profoundly shaped modern physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2520c0f3481908b0ed054a2fca8d0 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a25785ad5c819097c00f31719fea7e completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:48 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a37656c324819099761a1d5ae00637 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 11:12 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a376c686048190aec0abd9c6999663 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 11:14 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a377aa34cc81908820a5c970d1ecf6 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 11:18 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:30 a.m.