Triple
T13051243
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Arthur Schuster |
E327451
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere
"Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere" is a scientific work by physicist Arthur Schuster that analyzes how radiation propagates and is scattered in a fog-filled or turbid atmosphere.
|
E1018350
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere | Statement: [Arthur Schuster, notableWork, Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere Context triple: [Arthur Schuster, notableWork, Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere]
-
A.
Kramers opacity law
Kramers opacity law is a fundamental relation in astrophysics that describes how the opacity of stellar material depends on its density and temperature, crucial for modeling energy transport inside stars.
-
B.
Radiative Transfer
Radiative Transfer is a foundational scientific work that rigorously analyzes how radiation propagates through and interacts with matter, especially in astrophysical contexts.
-
C.
Milne–Eddington approximation
The Milne–Eddington approximation is a simplified model of stellar atmospheres that assumes constant physical properties with depth to make the radiative transfer equations analytically tractable.
-
D.
Rosseland mean opacity
Rosseland mean opacity is an average measure of a material’s opacity weighted toward frequencies where radiation is most effectively transported, widely used in stellar and astrophysical radiative transfer calculations.
-
E.
Physics of Astrophysics, Volume I: Radiation
Physics of Astrophysics, Volume I: Radiation is a foundational graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the principles of radiative processes and their applications to astrophysical phenomena.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere Triple: [Arthur Schuster, notableWork, Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere]
Generated description
"Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere" is a scientific work by physicist Arthur Schuster that analyzes how radiation propagates and is scattered in a fog-filled or turbid atmosphere.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere Target entity description: "Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere" is a scientific work by physicist Arthur Schuster that analyzes how radiation propagates and is scattered in a fog-filled or turbid atmosphere.
-
A.
Kramers opacity law
Kramers opacity law is a fundamental relation in astrophysics that describes how the opacity of stellar material depends on its density and temperature, crucial for modeling energy transport inside stars.
-
B.
Radiative Transfer
Radiative Transfer is a foundational scientific work that rigorously analyzes how radiation propagates through and interacts with matter, especially in astrophysical contexts.
-
C.
Milne–Eddington approximation
The Milne–Eddington approximation is a simplified model of stellar atmospheres that assumes constant physical properties with depth to make the radiative transfer equations analytically tractable.
-
D.
Rosseland mean opacity
Rosseland mean opacity is an average measure of a material’s opacity weighted toward frequencies where radiation is most effectively transported, widely used in stellar and astrophysical radiative transfer calculations.
-
E.
Physics of Astrophysics, Volume I: Radiation
Physics of Astrophysics, Volume I: Radiation is a foundational graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the principles of radiative processes and their applications to astrophysical phenomena.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d8076e64308190904fb5c93517c901 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d980b98fa081908cfa92116799e874 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 10:59 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f6cbda9b548190a10a4835b2c75fdc |
completed | May 3, 2026, 4:15 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69f6cd0e88e08190a07468336bb624f0 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 4:20 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69f6ce23ca208190960409130c4c52a9 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 4:25 a.m. |
Created at: April 9, 2026, 8:57 p.m.