Triple

T13051243
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Arthur Schuster E327451 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere
"Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere" is a scientific work by physicist Arthur Schuster that analyzes how radiation propagates and is scattered in a fog-filled or turbid atmosphere.
E1018350 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere | Statement: [Arthur Schuster, notableWork, Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere
Context triple: [Arthur Schuster, notableWork, Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere]
  • A. Kramers opacity law
    Kramers opacity law is a fundamental relation in astrophysics that describes how the opacity of stellar material depends on its density and temperature, crucial for modeling energy transport inside stars.
  • B. Radiative Transfer
    Radiative Transfer is a foundational scientific work that rigorously analyzes how radiation propagates through and interacts with matter, especially in astrophysical contexts.
  • C. Milne–Eddington approximation
    The Milne–Eddington approximation is a simplified model of stellar atmospheres that assumes constant physical properties with depth to make the radiative transfer equations analytically tractable.
  • D. Rosseland mean opacity
    Rosseland mean opacity is an average measure of a material’s opacity weighted toward frequencies where radiation is most effectively transported, widely used in stellar and astrophysical radiative transfer calculations.
  • E. Physics of Astrophysics, Volume I: Radiation
    Physics of Astrophysics, Volume I: Radiation is a foundational graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the principles of radiative processes and their applications to astrophysical phenomena.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere
Triple: [Arthur Schuster, notableWork, Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere]
Generated description
"Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere" is a scientific work by physicist Arthur Schuster that analyzes how radiation propagates and is scattered in a fog-filled or turbid atmosphere.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere
Target entity description: "Radiation through a Foggy Atmosphere" is a scientific work by physicist Arthur Schuster that analyzes how radiation propagates and is scattered in a fog-filled or turbid atmosphere.
  • A. Kramers opacity law
    Kramers opacity law is a fundamental relation in astrophysics that describes how the opacity of stellar material depends on its density and temperature, crucial for modeling energy transport inside stars.
  • B. Radiative Transfer
    Radiative Transfer is a foundational scientific work that rigorously analyzes how radiation propagates through and interacts with matter, especially in astrophysical contexts.
  • C. Milne–Eddington approximation
    The Milne–Eddington approximation is a simplified model of stellar atmospheres that assumes constant physical properties with depth to make the radiative transfer equations analytically tractable.
  • D. Rosseland mean opacity
    Rosseland mean opacity is an average measure of a material’s opacity weighted toward frequencies where radiation is most effectively transported, widely used in stellar and astrophysical radiative transfer calculations.
  • E. Physics of Astrophysics, Volume I: Radiation
    Physics of Astrophysics, Volume I: Radiation is a foundational graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the principles of radiative processes and their applications to astrophysical phenomena.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8076e64308190904fb5c93517c901 completed April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d980b98fa081908cfa92116799e874 completed April 10, 2026, 10:59 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f6cbda9b548190a10a4835b2c75fdc completed May 3, 2026, 4:15 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f6cd0e88e08190a07468336bb624f0 completed May 3, 2026, 4:20 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f6ce23ca208190960409130c4c52a9 completed May 3, 2026, 4:25 a.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 8:57 p.m.