Triple
T13051242
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Arthur Schuster |
E327451
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
An Introduction to the Theory of Optics
An Introduction to the Theory of Optics is a classic physics textbook that systematically presents the fundamental principles and mathematical treatment of optical phenomena.
|
E1018349
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: An Introduction to the Theory of Optics | Statement: [Arthur Schuster, notableWork, An Introduction to the Theory of Optics]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: An Introduction to the Theory of Optics Context triple: [Arthur Schuster, notableWork, An Introduction to the Theory of Optics]
-
A.
Principles of Optics
Principles of Optics is a seminal textbook that rigorously develops the theory of electromagnetic waves and optical phenomena, profoundly shaping modern physical optics.
-
B.
Introduction to the Theory of Coherence and Polarization of Light
"Introduction to the Theory of Coherence and Polarization of Light" is a graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the modern theoretical framework for understanding optical coherence and polarization phenomena in classical and quantum optics.
-
C.
Kirchhoff diffraction theory
Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
-
D.
Hamiltonian optics
Hamiltonian optics is a formulation of geometrical optics that applies Hamiltonian mechanics concepts to describe and analyze the trajectories of light rays in optical systems.
-
E.
Newtonian optics
Newtonian optics is the branch of physics developed by Isaac Newton that explains light primarily as a stream of particles to account for reflection, refraction, and color phenomena.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: An Introduction to the Theory of Optics Triple: [Arthur Schuster, notableWork, An Introduction to the Theory of Optics]
Generated description
An Introduction to the Theory of Optics is a classic physics textbook that systematically presents the fundamental principles and mathematical treatment of optical phenomena.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: An Introduction to the Theory of Optics Target entity description: An Introduction to the Theory of Optics is a classic physics textbook that systematically presents the fundamental principles and mathematical treatment of optical phenomena.
-
A.
Principles of Optics
Principles of Optics is a seminal textbook that rigorously develops the theory of electromagnetic waves and optical phenomena, profoundly shaping modern physical optics.
-
B.
Introduction to the Theory of Coherence and Polarization of Light
"Introduction to the Theory of Coherence and Polarization of Light" is a graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the modern theoretical framework for understanding optical coherence and polarization phenomena in classical and quantum optics.
-
C.
Kirchhoff diffraction theory
Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
-
D.
Hamiltonian optics
Hamiltonian optics is a formulation of geometrical optics that applies Hamiltonian mechanics concepts to describe and analyze the trajectories of light rays in optical systems.
-
E.
Newtonian optics
Newtonian optics is the branch of physics developed by Isaac Newton that explains light primarily as a stream of particles to account for reflection, refraction, and color phenomena.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d8076e64308190904fb5c93517c901 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d980b98fa081908cfa92116799e874 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 10:59 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f6cbda9b548190a10a4835b2c75fdc |
completed | May 3, 2026, 4:15 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69f6cd0e88e08190a07468336bb624f0 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 4:20 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69f6ce23ca208190960409130c4c52a9 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 4:25 a.m. |
Created at: April 9, 2026, 8:57 p.m.