Triple
T12410441
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Central Sudan |
E296499
|
entity |
| Predicate | historicallyIncluded |
P12102
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Bornu Empire |
E60339
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bornu Empire | Statement: [Central Sudan, historicallyIncluded, Bornu Empire]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bornu Empire Context triple: [Central Sudan, historicallyIncluded, Bornu Empire]
-
A.
Bornu Empire
chosen
The Bornu Empire was a powerful West African state that succeeded the Kanem Empire and dominated the Lake Chad region for centuries through trans-Saharan trade, Islamic scholarship, and military strength.
-
B.
Daura Emirate
Daura Emirate is a historic Hausa traditional state in northern Nigeria, regarded as one of the oldest Hausa kingdoms and an important center of pre-colonial political and cultural influence.
-
C.
Kanem Empire
The Kanem Empire was a powerful medieval African kingdom centered around Lake Chad that flourished as a hub of trans-Saharan trade and Islamic scholarship from roughly the 9th to the 14th century.
-
D.
Gwandu Emirate
Gwandu Emirate is a historic Islamic emirate in present-day Nigeria that served as one of the key power centers and administrative divisions of the Sokoto Caliphate.
-
E.
Kebbi Kingdom
Kebbi Kingdom was a historic Hausa state in what is now northwestern Nigeria, known for its role in regional trade and military power in the central Sudan region.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6ad9f464c81909db36d7e96e34b9e |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:33 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d94d4b86c88190afba0de15b34eee9 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 7:19 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f68ea3ec588190bca355953267578f |
completed | May 2, 2026, 11:54 p.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:55 p.m.