Triple

T12094299
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Terry Lyons E288028 entity
Predicate notableConcept P201 FINISHED
Object Lyons' rough path theory
Lyons' rough path theory is a mathematical framework that extends classical calculus to analyze and solve differential equations driven by highly irregular signals, such as paths with low regularity or stochastic processes like Brownian motion.
E962548 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lyons' rough path theory | Statement: [Terry Lyons, notableConcept, Lyons' rough path theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lyons' rough path theory
Context triple: [Terry Lyons, notableConcept, Lyons' rough path theory]
  • A. Malliavin calculus
    Malliavin calculus is a branch of stochastic analysis that extends differential calculus to functionals of stochastic processes, particularly Brownian motion, enabling probabilistic proofs of regularity and smoothness for solutions to stochastic differential equations.
  • B. Freidlin–Wentzell theory
    Freidlin–Wentzell theory is a mathematical framework in probability that analyzes the behavior of stochastic dynamical systems under small random perturbations using large deviation principles.
  • C. theory of regularity structures
    The theory of regularity structures is a mathematical framework developed by Martin Hairer to rigorously analyze and solve a broad class of singular stochastic partial differential equations.
  • D. Feynman–Kac formula
    The Feynman–Kac formula is a fundamental result connecting solutions of certain partial differential equations with expectations over stochastic processes, forming a bridge between quantum mechanics, probability theory, and mathematical finance.
  • E. Itô processes
    Itô processes are a class of stochastic processes, typically modeled as solutions to stochastic differential equations, that form the fundamental objects of study in Itô calculus and modern stochastic analysis.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lyons' rough path theory
Triple: [Terry Lyons, notableConcept, Lyons' rough path theory]
Generated description
Lyons' rough path theory is a mathematical framework that extends classical calculus to analyze and solve differential equations driven by highly irregular signals, such as paths with low regularity or stochastic processes like Brownian motion.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lyons' rough path theory
Target entity description: Lyons' rough path theory is a mathematical framework that extends classical calculus to analyze and solve differential equations driven by highly irregular signals, such as paths with low regularity or stochastic processes like Brownian motion.
  • A. Malliavin calculus
    Malliavin calculus is a branch of stochastic analysis that extends differential calculus to functionals of stochastic processes, particularly Brownian motion, enabling probabilistic proofs of regularity and smoothness for solutions to stochastic differential equations.
  • B. Freidlin–Wentzell theory
    Freidlin–Wentzell theory is a mathematical framework in probability that analyzes the behavior of stochastic dynamical systems under small random perturbations using large deviation principles.
  • C. theory of regularity structures
    The theory of regularity structures is a mathematical framework developed by Martin Hairer to rigorously analyze and solve a broad class of singular stochastic partial differential equations.
  • D. Feynman–Kac formula
    The Feynman–Kac formula is a fundamental result connecting solutions of certain partial differential equations with expectations over stochastic processes, forming a bridge between quantum mechanics, probability theory, and mathematical finance.
  • E. Itô processes
    Itô processes are a class of stochastic processes, typically modeled as solutions to stochastic differential equations, that form the fundamental objects of study in Itô calculus and modern stochastic analysis.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6ab4964708190850585628b287b0c completed April 8, 2026, 7:23 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d91550ce508190babf5755e1553734 completed April 10, 2026, 3:20 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f5f66edf7881908f29b5b40b9d020f completed May 2, 2026, 1:04 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f5fd79da748190b3f0dd7d7a46314d completed May 2, 2026, 1:34 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f5feeeeb2081908191b1c2d1c2fbfd completed May 2, 2026, 1:41 p.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:48 p.m.