Triple

Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).

Phrase: Friedmann equations in cosmology | Statement: [f(R) gravity, affects, Friedmann equations in cosmology]

Target entity: Friedmann equations in cosmology
Context triple: [f(R) gravity, affects, Friedmann equations in cosmology]

• A. FLRW cosmological models
  FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
• B. Einstein field equations chosen
  The Einstein field equations are the core mathematical framework of general relativity, relating the curvature of spacetime to the distribution of matter and energy.
• C. Bianchi type cosmologies
  Bianchi type cosmologies are a class of spatially homogeneous but generally anisotropic cosmological models that classify possible three-dimensional Lie group symmetries of spacetime in general relativity.
• D. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
  The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
• E. Newtonian gravitational cosmology
  Newtonian gravitational cosmology is a classical framework that applies Newton’s law of universal gravitation to model the large-scale structure, dynamics, and evolution of the universe before the advent of general relativity.
• F. None of above.
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.