Triple
T1190393
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Rudolf Peierls |
E25343
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
The Development of Nuclear Physics
"The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
|
E136249
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Development of Nuclear Physics | Statement: [Rudolf Peierls, notableWork, The Development of Nuclear Physics]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Development of Nuclear Physics Context triple: [Rudolf Peierls, notableWork, The Development of Nuclear Physics]
-
A.
Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions
The Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions is a theoretical expression developed by Hans Bethe and Richard Feynman that estimates the energy yield and behavior of nuclear detonations based on fundamental physical parameters of the device.
-
B.
The Neutron (1932 paper)
The Neutron (1932 paper) is James Chadwick’s landmark publication that announced and characterized the neutron, fundamentally reshaping nuclear physics and earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
-
C.
Fermi theory of beta decay
The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
-
D.
Frisch–Peierls memorandum
The Frisch–Peierls memorandum was a pivotal 1940 document by physicists Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls that first outlined the feasibility of a small, practical uranium-based atomic bomb, helping to catalyze British and later Allied nuclear weapons research.
-
E.
treatise on radioactivity
The "treatise on radioactivity" is a foundational scientific work by Marie Curie that systematically documented her pioneering research on radioactive elements and helped establish the field of radioactivity.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Development of Nuclear Physics Triple: [Rudolf Peierls, notableWork, The Development of Nuclear Physics]
Generated description
"The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Development of Nuclear Physics Target entity description: "The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
-
A.
Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions
The Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions is a theoretical expression developed by Hans Bethe and Richard Feynman that estimates the energy yield and behavior of nuclear detonations based on fundamental physical parameters of the device.
-
B.
The Neutron (1932 paper)
The Neutron (1932 paper) is James Chadwick’s landmark publication that announced and characterized the neutron, fundamentally reshaping nuclear physics and earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
-
C.
Fermi theory of beta decay
The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
-
D.
Frisch–Peierls memorandum
The Frisch–Peierls memorandum was a pivotal 1940 document by physicists Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls that first outlined the feasibility of a small, practical uranium-based atomic bomb, helping to catalyze British and later Allied nuclear weapons research.
-
E.
treatise on radioactivity
The "treatise on radioactivity" is a foundational scientific work by Marie Curie that systematically documented her pioneering research on radioactive elements and helped establish the field of radioactivity.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a49427d98881908646d6c63b8cea1e |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:31 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a4bd58d8d88190b8d9c9c9de7f4e97 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 10:27 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ac764ccb1c8190a302137a0e67cb88 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 7:02 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ac76e1b430819092669c6e83d7a62c |
completed | March 7, 2026, 7:05 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ac77670fa08190827ef34ba9d52a70 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 7:07 p.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:45 p.m.