Triple

T1190393
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Rudolf Peierls E25343 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object The Development of Nuclear Physics
"The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
E136249 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Development of Nuclear Physics | Statement: [Rudolf Peierls, notableWork, The Development of Nuclear Physics]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Development of Nuclear Physics
Context triple: [Rudolf Peierls, notableWork, The Development of Nuclear Physics]
  • A. Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions
    The Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions is a theoretical expression developed by Hans Bethe and Richard Feynman that estimates the energy yield and behavior of nuclear detonations based on fundamental physical parameters of the device.
  • B. The Neutron (1932 paper)
    The Neutron (1932 paper) is James Chadwick’s landmark publication that announced and characterized the neutron, fundamentally reshaping nuclear physics and earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • C. Fermi theory of beta decay
    The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
  • D. Frisch–Peierls memorandum
    The Frisch–Peierls memorandum was a pivotal 1940 document by physicists Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls that first outlined the feasibility of a small, practical uranium-based atomic bomb, helping to catalyze British and later Allied nuclear weapons research.
  • E. treatise on radioactivity
    The "treatise on radioactivity" is a foundational scientific work by Marie Curie that systematically documented her pioneering research on radioactive elements and helped establish the field of radioactivity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Development of Nuclear Physics
Triple: [Rudolf Peierls, notableWork, The Development of Nuclear Physics]
Generated description
"The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Development of Nuclear Physics
Target entity description: "The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
  • A. Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions
    The Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions is a theoretical expression developed by Hans Bethe and Richard Feynman that estimates the energy yield and behavior of nuclear detonations based on fundamental physical parameters of the device.
  • B. The Neutron (1932 paper)
    The Neutron (1932 paper) is James Chadwick’s landmark publication that announced and characterized the neutron, fundamentally reshaping nuclear physics and earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • C. Fermi theory of beta decay
    The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
  • D. Frisch–Peierls memorandum
    The Frisch–Peierls memorandum was a pivotal 1940 document by physicists Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls that first outlined the feasibility of a small, practical uranium-based atomic bomb, helping to catalyze British and later Allied nuclear weapons research.
  • E. treatise on radioactivity
    The "treatise on radioactivity" is a foundational scientific work by Marie Curie that systematically documented her pioneering research on radioactive elements and helped establish the field of radioactivity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49427d98881908646d6c63b8cea1e completed March 1, 2026, 7:31 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4bd58d8d88190b8d9c9c9de7f4e97 completed March 1, 2026, 10:27 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac764ccb1c8190a302137a0e67cb88 completed March 7, 2026, 7:02 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac76e1b430819092669c6e83d7a62c completed March 7, 2026, 7:05 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac77670fa08190827ef34ba9d52a70 completed March 7, 2026, 7:07 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:45 p.m.