Triple

T1165374
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Edward Charles Pickering E24586 entity
Predicate notableStudent P4838 FINISHED
Object Williamina Fleming
Williamina Fleming was a pioneering Scottish-American astronomer who made major contributions to stellar classification and the discovery of numerous astronomical objects while working at the Harvard College Observatory.
E137906 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Williamina Fleming | Statement: [Edward Charles Pickering, notableStudent, Williamina Fleming]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Williamina Fleming
Context triple: [Edward Charles Pickering, notableStudent, Williamina Fleming]
  • A. Annie Jump Cannon
    Annie Jump Cannon was an American astronomer renowned for her pioneering work in stellar classification and for helping develop the Harvard Classification Scheme used to categorize stars.
  • B. Henrietta Swan Leavitt
    Henrietta Swan Leavitt was an American astronomer whose discovery of the period–luminosity relationship of Cepheid variable stars provided the key to measuring cosmic distances and revolutionized our understanding of the scale of the universe.
  • C. Cordelia Whewell
    Cordelia Whewell was the wife of 19th-century English polymath and philosopher William Whewell, known primarily through her marriage into his intellectual and academic circle.
  • D. Henrietta Hill Swope
    Henrietta Hill Swope was an American astronomer known for her pioneering work on variable stars and for being one of the first women to make significant contributions to modern observational astronomy.
  • E. Edward Charles Pickering
    Edward Charles Pickering was a pioneering American astronomer and longtime director of the Harvard College Observatory, known for his major contributions to stellar spectroscopy and the classification of stars.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Williamina Fleming
Triple: [Edward Charles Pickering, notableStudent, Williamina Fleming]
Generated description
Williamina Fleming was a pioneering Scottish-American astronomer who made major contributions to stellar classification and the discovery of numerous astronomical objects while working at the Harvard College Observatory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Williamina Fleming
Target entity description: Williamina Fleming was a pioneering Scottish-American astronomer who made major contributions to stellar classification and the discovery of numerous astronomical objects while working at the Harvard College Observatory.
  • A. Annie Jump Cannon
    Annie Jump Cannon was an American astronomer renowned for her pioneering work in stellar classification and for helping develop the Harvard Classification Scheme used to categorize stars.
  • B. Henrietta Swan Leavitt
    Henrietta Swan Leavitt was an American astronomer whose discovery of the period–luminosity relationship of Cepheid variable stars provided the key to measuring cosmic distances and revolutionized our understanding of the scale of the universe.
  • C. Cordelia Whewell
    Cordelia Whewell was the wife of 19th-century English polymath and philosopher William Whewell, known primarily through her marriage into his intellectual and academic circle.
  • D. Henrietta Hill Swope
    Henrietta Hill Swope was an American astronomer known for her pioneering work on variable stars and for being one of the first women to make significant contributions to modern observational astronomy.
  • E. Edward Charles Pickering
    Edward Charles Pickering was a pioneering American astronomer and longtime director of the Harvard College Observatory, known for his major contributions to stellar spectroscopy and the classification of stars.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a494060e148190abb42f971242c197 completed March 1, 2026, 7:31 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4bccc62a88190882d8801908015a4 completed March 1, 2026, 10:25 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac7f323bbc8190a55fe2101f9561e2 completed March 7, 2026, 7:40 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac7fa90f608190bec0c7dff1d7c9ae completed March 7, 2026, 7:42 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac808a919081908253d1778695ab2d completed March 7, 2026, 7:46 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:45 p.m.