Triple

T11565707
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Pippa Norris E274245 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Why Elections Fail
"Why Elections Fail" is a scholarly book by political scientist Pippa Norris that analyzes the causes of flawed elections worldwide and their consequences for democracy.
E933773 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Why Elections Fail | Statement: [Pippa Norris, notableWork, Why Elections Fail]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Why Elections Fail
Context triple: [Pippa Norris, notableWork, Why Elections Fail]
  • A. Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions
    "Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions" is a comparative political science book that analyzes how different electoral systems shape democratic representation, accountability, and governance.
  • B. Reassessment of The American Voter
    Reassessment of The American Voter is a scholarly work that critically reexamines and updates the influential findings of the original political science classic The American Voter in light of newer data and theories about electoral behavior.
  • C. Essay on the Ballot
    Essay on the Ballot is a political treatise by philosopher and economist James Mill that argues for the use of secret voting as a means to protect voters’ independence and promote representative government.
  • D. The Michigan model of voting
    The Michigan model of voting is a political science framework that explains voters’ choices primarily through long-term psychological attachments to political parties, shaped by socialization and group identities.
  • E. The Price of Politics
    The Price of Politics is a nonfiction book by journalist Bob Woodward that examines the intense fiscal and political battles between the Obama administration and congressional leaders during the 2011 U.S. debt-ceiling crisis.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Why Elections Fail
Triple: [Pippa Norris, notableWork, Why Elections Fail]
Generated description
"Why Elections Fail" is a scholarly book by political scientist Pippa Norris that analyzes the causes of flawed elections worldwide and their consequences for democracy.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Why Elections Fail
Target entity description: "Why Elections Fail" is a scholarly book by political scientist Pippa Norris that analyzes the causes of flawed elections worldwide and their consequences for democracy.
  • A. Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions
    "Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions" is a comparative political science book that analyzes how different electoral systems shape democratic representation, accountability, and governance.
  • B. Reassessment of The American Voter
    Reassessment of The American Voter is a scholarly work that critically reexamines and updates the influential findings of the original political science classic The American Voter in light of newer data and theories about electoral behavior.
  • C. Essay on the Ballot
    Essay on the Ballot is a political treatise by philosopher and economist James Mill that argues for the use of secret voting as a means to protect voters’ independence and promote representative government.
  • D. The Michigan model of voting
    The Michigan model of voting is a political science framework that explains voters’ choices primarily through long-term psychological attachments to political parties, shaped by socialization and group identities.
  • E. The Price of Politics
    The Price of Politics is a nonfiction book by journalist Bob Woodward that examines the intense fiscal and political battles between the Obama administration and congressional leaders during the 2011 U.S. debt-ceiling crisis.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aae5ac3c81908d2b0a3a665665b2 completed April 8, 2026, 7:22 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d88dd321f88190a57ecaf079fbbc3f completed April 10, 2026, 5:42 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e6e8b1a67481909a05105728acc358 completed April 21, 2026, 3:02 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e6ef951eb881909810b5923385c4c6 completed April 21, 2026, 3:31 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e6f94ac2d0819098a3024eaab908b5 completed April 21, 2026, 4:12 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:37 p.m.