Triple

T11410310
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Phillip James Edwin Peebles E270351 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Peebles–Yu model of photon–baryon fluid
The Peebles–Yu model of the photon–baryon fluid is a cosmological framework that describes the coupled evolution of photons and baryons in the early universe, providing a basis for understanding the origin of cosmic microwave background anisotropies and acoustic peaks.
E925296 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Peebles–Yu model of photon–baryon fluid | Statement: [Phillip James Edwin Peebles, notableWork, Peebles–Yu model of photon–baryon fluid]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Peebles–Yu model of photon–baryon fluid
Context triple: [Phillip James Edwin Peebles, notableWork, Peebles–Yu model of photon–baryon fluid]
  • A. FLRW cosmological models
    FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
  • B. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
    The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
  • C. Zeldovich approximation in large-scale structure formation
    The Zeldovich approximation in large-scale structure formation is a seminal analytical model in cosmology that predicts how small initial density perturbations in the early universe evolve into the cosmic web of sheets, filaments, and clusters of galaxies.
  • D. Bardeen–Stephen model
    The Bardeen–Stephen model is a theoretical framework in superconductivity that describes the motion and dissipation of energy by magnetic flux vortices in type-II superconductors.
  • E. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Peebles–Yu model of photon–baryon fluid
Triple: [Phillip James Edwin Peebles, notableWork, Peebles–Yu model of photon–baryon fluid]
Generated description
The Peebles–Yu model of the photon–baryon fluid is a cosmological framework that describes the coupled evolution of photons and baryons in the early universe, providing a basis for understanding the origin of cosmic microwave background anisotropies and acoustic peaks.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Peebles–Yu model of photon–baryon fluid
Target entity description: The Peebles–Yu model of the photon–baryon fluid is a cosmological framework that describes the coupled evolution of photons and baryons in the early universe, providing a basis for understanding the origin of cosmic microwave background anisotropies and acoustic peaks.
  • A. FLRW cosmological models
    FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
  • B. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
    The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
  • C. Zeldovich approximation in large-scale structure formation
    The Zeldovich approximation in large-scale structure formation is a seminal analytical model in cosmology that predicts how small initial density perturbations in the early universe evolve into the cosmic web of sheets, filaments, and clusters of galaxies.
  • D. Bardeen–Stephen model
    The Bardeen–Stephen model is a theoretical framework in superconductivity that describes the motion and dissipation of energy by magnetic flux vortices in type-II superconductors.
  • E. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aaddeaa8819088b30ef7b50598c9 completed April 8, 2026, 7:22 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d8015017d08190b4020c76545556d6 completed April 9, 2026, 7:43 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e5b845ed488190b7680ddf09177ea0 completed April 20, 2026, 5:23 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e5c289b5ac81909bdaec61a66f6654 completed April 20, 2026, 6:07 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e5c43f4b4c8190aeae600364d2e4ac completed April 20, 2026, 6:14 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:34 p.m.