Triple
T11210505
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Allan R. Sandage |
E265291
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test)
The Sandage–Loeb test is a proposed cosmological method that aims to directly measure the universe’s expansion over time by detecting tiny shifts in the redshifts of distant astronomical objects.
|
E911976
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test) | Statement: [Allan R. Sandage, notableWork, Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test)]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test) Context triple: [Allan R. Sandage, notableWork, Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test)]
-
A.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
B.
Supernova Cosmology Project
The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
-
C.
Sachs–Wolfe effect
The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
-
D.
The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe is a foundational cosmology book by James Peebles that systematically develops the theory and observations of how matter is distributed on the largest cosmic scales.
-
E.
Milne universe model
The Milne universe model is a cosmological model that describes an empty, expanding universe with negative spatial curvature, serving as a special-relativistic alternative to general relativistic cosmologies.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test) Triple: [Allan R. Sandage, notableWork, Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test)]
Generated description
The Sandage–Loeb test is a proposed cosmological method that aims to directly measure the universe’s expansion over time by detecting tiny shifts in the redshifts of distant astronomical objects.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test) Target entity description: The Sandage–Loeb test is a proposed cosmological method that aims to directly measure the universe’s expansion over time by detecting tiny shifts in the redshifts of distant astronomical objects.
-
A.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
B.
Supernova Cosmology Project
The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
-
C.
Sachs–Wolfe effect
The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
-
D.
The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe is a foundational cosmology book by James Peebles that systematically develops the theory and observations of how matter is distributed on the largest cosmic scales.
-
E.
Milne universe model
The Milne universe model is a cosmological model that describes an empty, expanding universe with negative spatial curvature, serving as a special-relativistic alternative to general relativistic cosmologies.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6aac59460819089b9848b27f57848 |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d7e8d6f5d4819086dcb776a0d469e8 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 5:58 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69e49747ec288190bc3e826b6de7f6f2 |
completed | April 19, 2026, 8:50 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69e49c0a92b08190ac5debb7d67ca776 |
completed | April 19, 2026, 9:10 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69e49e8dc4ec81908d0defe77827d197 |
completed | April 19, 2026, 9:21 a.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:30 p.m.