Triple

T11210504
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Allan R. Sandage E265291 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Recalibration of the Hubble constant
Recalibration of the Hubble constant is a landmark astrophysical study by Allan R. Sandage that refined the value of the universe’s expansion rate using improved distance measurements to galaxies.
E911975 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Recalibration of the Hubble constant | Statement: [Allan R. Sandage, notableWork, Recalibration of the Hubble constant]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Recalibration of the Hubble constant
Context triple: [Allan R. Sandage, notableWork, Recalibration of the Hubble constant]
  • A. Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements
    The Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements are a landmark set of observations that extended and refined Edwin Hubble’s work on the expanding universe by systematically measuring the redshifts of distant galaxies.
  • B. Tully-Fisher relation distances
    Tully-Fisher relation distances are galaxy distance measurements derived from the empirical correlation between a spiral galaxy’s luminosity and its rotational velocity.
  • C. The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
    The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe is a foundational cosmology book by James Peebles that systematically develops the theory and observations of how matter is distributed on the largest cosmic scales.
  • D. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • E. Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe
    "Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe" is a popular science book that explores the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmic forces shaping the universe’s structure and fate.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Recalibration of the Hubble constant
Triple: [Allan R. Sandage, notableWork, Recalibration of the Hubble constant]
Generated description
Recalibration of the Hubble constant is a landmark astrophysical study by Allan R. Sandage that refined the value of the universe’s expansion rate using improved distance measurements to galaxies.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Recalibration of the Hubble constant
Target entity description: Recalibration of the Hubble constant is a landmark astrophysical study by Allan R. Sandage that refined the value of the universe’s expansion rate using improved distance measurements to galaxies.
  • A. Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements
    The Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements are a landmark set of observations that extended and refined Edwin Hubble’s work on the expanding universe by systematically measuring the redshifts of distant galaxies.
  • B. Tully-Fisher relation distances
    Tully-Fisher relation distances are galaxy distance measurements derived from the empirical correlation between a spiral galaxy’s luminosity and its rotational velocity.
  • C. The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
    The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe is a foundational cosmology book by James Peebles that systematically develops the theory and observations of how matter is distributed on the largest cosmic scales.
  • D. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • E. Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe
    "Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe" is a popular science book that explores the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmic forces shaping the universe’s structure and fate.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aac59460819089b9848b27f57848 completed April 8, 2026, 7:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d7e8d6f5d4819086dcb776a0d469e8 completed April 9, 2026, 5:58 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e49747ec288190bc3e826b6de7f6f2 completed April 19, 2026, 8:50 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e49c0a92b08190ac5debb7d67ca776 completed April 19, 2026, 9:10 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e49e8dc4ec81908d0defe77827d197 completed April 19, 2026, 9:21 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:30 p.m.