Triple

T11114975
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Kotoko E262863 entity
Predicate ethnonym P4709 FINISHED
Object Kotoko people
The Kotoko people are an ethnic group of Chadic-speaking riverine communities living around Lake Chad in Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria, historically known for their fishing, agriculture, and participation in the former Kotoko city-states.
E1089882 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kotoko people | Statement: [Kotoko, ethnonym, Kotoko people]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kotoko people
Context triple: [Kotoko, ethnonym, Kotoko people]
  • A. Konjo people
    The Konjo people are an ethnic group of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, traditionally known as seafaring and agrarian communities with distinct cultural and linguistic traditions.
  • B. Nengone people
    The Nengone people are an indigenous Melanesian community of New Caledonia, primarily inhabiting Maré Island and known for their distinct Austronesian language and rich customary traditions.
  • C. Banjima people
    The Banjima people are an Aboriginal Australian group whose ancestral lands lie in the inland Pilbara region of Western Australia, with a distinct language, culture, and deep connection to Country.
  • D. Dagomba people
    The Dagomba people are a major Gur-speaking ethnic group of northern Ghana and neighboring Togo, known for their centralized chieftaincy system, rich drumming traditions, and Islamic-influenced culture.
  • E. Aja people
    The Aja people are a West African ethnic group primarily living in southern Benin and Togo, historically influential in the formation of the Fon and Ewe peoples and known for their rich cultural traditions and role in regional kingdoms such as Allada.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kotoko people
Triple: [Kotoko, ethnonym, Kotoko people]
Generated description
The Kotoko people are an ethnic group of Chadic-speaking riverine communities living around Lake Chad in Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria, historically known for their fishing, agriculture, and participation in the former Kotoko city-states.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kotoko people
Target entity description: The Kotoko people are an ethnic group of Chadic-speaking riverine communities living around Lake Chad in Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria, historically known for their fishing, agriculture, and participation in the former Kotoko city-states.
  • A. Konjo people
    The Konjo people are an ethnic group of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, traditionally known as seafaring and agrarian communities with distinct cultural and linguistic traditions.
  • B. Nengone people
    The Nengone people are an indigenous Melanesian community of New Caledonia, primarily inhabiting Maré Island and known for their distinct Austronesian language and rich customary traditions.
  • C. Banjima people
    The Banjima people are an Aboriginal Australian group whose ancestral lands lie in the inland Pilbara region of Western Australia, with a distinct language, culture, and deep connection to Country.
  • D. Dagomba people
    The Dagomba people are a major Gur-speaking ethnic group of northern Ghana and neighboring Togo, known for their centralized chieftaincy system, rich drumming traditions, and Islamic-influenced culture.
  • E. Aja people
    The Aja people are a West African ethnic group primarily living in southern Benin and Togo, historically influential in the formation of the Fon and Ewe peoples and known for their rich cultural traditions and role in regional kingdoms such as Allada.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa9b46cc8190b19f9f0cc45bf322 completed April 8, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d79aa7254c8190abce35696ad2be03 completed April 9, 2026, 12:25 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69fd32359c54819098349d7d1c1e454f completed May 8, 2026, 12:45 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69fd335a496881908689b5769bb677ae completed May 8, 2026, 12:50 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69fd3445422c8190a22eaa4bef5fdf76 completed May 8, 2026, 12:54 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:27 p.m.