Triple

T1102096
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject University of Bologna E25401 entity
Predicate hasNotableAlumnus P51 FINISHED
Object Luigi Galvani
Luigi Galvani was an Italian physician, physicist, and pioneer of bioelectricity best known for his experiments demonstrating that electricity could trigger muscle contractions in frog legs.
 E127171 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Luigi Galvani | Statement: [University of Bologna, hasNotableAlumnus, Luigi Galvani]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Luigi Galvani
Context triple: [University of Bologna, hasNotableAlumnus, Luigi Galvani]
  • A. Alessandro Volta
    Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist and pioneer of electricity best known for inventing the electric battery and giving his name to the unit of electric potential, the volt.
  • B. Emil du Bois-Reymond
    Emil du Bois-Reymond was a 19th-century German physiologist renowned for his pioneering work on bioelectricity and the physiology of the nervous system.
  • C. Hermann von Helmholtz
    Hermann von Helmholtz was a 19th-century German physician and physicist renowned for his foundational contributions to physiology, optics, acoustics, and the conservation of energy.
  • D. Johannes Müller
    Johannes Müller was a pioneering 19th-century German physiologist whose work helped establish modern experimental physiology and deeply influenced a generation of scientists.
  • E. Hans Christian Ørsted
    Hans Christian Ørsted was a Danish physicist and chemist best known for discovering the relationship between electricity and magnetism, laying the foundation for electromagnetism.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Luigi Galvani
Triple: [University of Bologna, hasNotableAlumnus, Luigi Galvani]
Generated description
Luigi Galvani was an Italian physician, physicist, and pioneer of bioelectricity best known for his experiments demonstrating that electricity could trigger muscle contractions in frog legs.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Luigi Galvani
Target entity description: Luigi Galvani was an Italian physician, physicist, and pioneer of bioelectricity best known for his experiments demonstrating that electricity could trigger muscle contractions in frog legs.
  • A. Alessandro Volta
    Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist and pioneer of electricity best known for inventing the electric battery and giving his name to the unit of electric potential, the volt.
  • B. Emil du Bois-Reymond
    Emil du Bois-Reymond was a 19th-century German physiologist renowned for his pioneering work on bioelectricity and the physiology of the nervous system.
  • C. Hermann von Helmholtz
    Hermann von Helmholtz was a 19th-century German physician and physicist renowned for his foundational contributions to physiology, optics, acoustics, and the conservation of energy.
  • D. Johannes Müller
    Johannes Müller was a pioneering 19th-century German physiologist whose work helped establish modern experimental physiology and deeply influenced a generation of scientists.
  • E. Hans Christian Ørsted
    Hans Christian Ørsted was a Danish physicist and chemist best known for discovering the relationship between electricity and magnetism, laying the foundation for electromagnetism.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49428d4448190b3b36991ceae87ce completed March 1, 2026, 7:31 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4b9c21c2c8190a34d91a7afed23a9 completed March 1, 2026, 10:12 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac4c47dbf88190a1898d7bda32ecb2 completed March 7, 2026, 4:03 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac4feb86c88190abaed60e0782fec6 completed March 7, 2026, 4:18 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac509b6fe48190973bbfabdc976541 completed March 7, 2026, 4:21 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:43 p.m.