Triple

T10931149
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Charles Augustus Young E258207 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Manual of Astronomy (textbook)
Manual of Astronomy is a foundational 19th-century astronomy textbook by American astronomer Charles Augustus Young that systematically presents the principles and observations of celestial science.
E893428 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Manual of Astronomy (textbook) | Statement: [Charles Augustus Young, notableWork, Manual of Astronomy (textbook)]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Manual of Astronomy (textbook)
Context triple: [Charles Augustus Young, notableWork, Manual of Astronomy (textbook)]
  • A. An Introduction to Practical Astronomy
    "An Introduction to Practical Astronomy" is a foundational 19th-century textbook by Elias Loomis that systematically teaches observational and positional astronomy for students and amateur astronomers.
  • B. A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy
    A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy is a foundational 19th-century textbook by Simon Newcomb that systematically presents the mathematical and theoretical principles underlying positional astronomy and celestial mechanics.
  • C. Fundamenta Astronomiae
    Fundamenta Astronomiae is a foundational 19th-century astronomical catalog by Friedrich Bessel that provided highly accurate star positions and proper motions, significantly advancing astrometry.
  • D. Institutio astronomica
    Institutio astronomica is a 17th-century introductory astronomy textbook by Pierre Gassendi that helped popularize and systematize contemporary astronomical knowledge in a humanist, educational format.
  • E. De institutione astronomica
    De institutione astronomica is a late antique Latin treatise on astronomy by the philosopher Boethius, presenting classical cosmological and astronomical knowledge to a medieval scholarly audience.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Manual of Astronomy (textbook)
Triple: [Charles Augustus Young, notableWork, Manual of Astronomy (textbook)]
Generated description
Manual of Astronomy is a foundational 19th-century astronomy textbook by American astronomer Charles Augustus Young that systematically presents the principles and observations of celestial science.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Manual of Astronomy (textbook)
Target entity description: Manual of Astronomy is a foundational 19th-century astronomy textbook by American astronomer Charles Augustus Young that systematically presents the principles and observations of celestial science.
  • A. An Introduction to Practical Astronomy
    "An Introduction to Practical Astronomy" is a foundational 19th-century textbook by Elias Loomis that systematically teaches observational and positional astronomy for students and amateur astronomers.
  • B. A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy
    A Compendium of Spherical Astronomy is a foundational 19th-century textbook by Simon Newcomb that systematically presents the mathematical and theoretical principles underlying positional astronomy and celestial mechanics.
  • C. Fundamenta Astronomiae
    Fundamenta Astronomiae is a foundational 19th-century astronomical catalog by Friedrich Bessel that provided highly accurate star positions and proper motions, significantly advancing astrometry.
  • D. Institutio astronomica
    Institutio astronomica is a 17th-century introductory astronomy textbook by Pierre Gassendi that helped popularize and systematize contemporary astronomical knowledge in a humanist, educational format.
  • E. De institutione astronomica
    De institutione astronomica is a late antique Latin treatise on astronomy by the philosopher Boethius, presenting classical cosmological and astronomical knowledge to a medieval scholarly audience.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa8769b4819082bfe5e61b9017f0 completed April 8, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d770a062f481908beb76c6dbaeb6a6 completed April 9, 2026, 9:25 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e2175711d4819088f93bdf64ba4d3f completed April 17, 2026, 11:19 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e21e54e22881908726f088643edfd2 completed April 17, 2026, 11:49 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e21f1134d0819082fcc735da61d347 completed April 17, 2026, 11:52 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:23 p.m.