Triple

T10430588
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution E245901 entity
Predicate interpretedInCase P2252 FINISHED
Object Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. E349806 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. | Statement: [Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution, interpretedInCase, Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
Context triple: [Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution, interpretedInCase, Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.]
  • A. Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. chosen
    Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal income tax as unconstitutional, prompting the later adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment to authorize such taxes.
  • B. Northern Securities Co. v. United States
    Northern Securities Co. v. United States was a landmark 1904 U.S. Supreme Court antitrust case that broke up a major railroad holding company and strengthened federal power to regulate monopolies under the Sherman Act.
  • C. Downes v. Bidwell
    Downes v. Bidwell is a 1901 U.S. Supreme Court case that helped establish the "Insular Cases" doctrine, holding that full constitutional rights do not automatically extend to all territories under American control.
  • D. Learned Hand
    Learned Hand was a highly influential American federal judge renowned for his incisive opinions on constitutional and tax law and his lasting impact on U.S. jurisprudence.
  • E. United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
    United States v. E. C. Knight Co. was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court decision that sharply limited the federal government’s power to regulate monopolies under the Commerce Clause, weakening early enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d381bf3dc08190bf35a2643e4e8f22 completed April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d4ea62d6448190a7f5b785467824cf completed April 7, 2026, 11:28 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d87eb068bc8190be9c7c916850278e completed April 10, 2026, 4:38 a.m.
Created at: April 6, 2026, 12:13 p.m.