Triple

T10388677
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Seiberg–Witten theory E244833 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Seiberg–Witten invariants
Seiberg–Witten invariants are powerful topological invariants of smooth four-manifolds derived from solutions to the Seiberg–Witten equations, used to distinguish different smooth structures and study the geometry and topology of 4D spaces.
E861521 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Seiberg–Witten invariants | Statement: [Seiberg–Witten theory, relatedTo, Seiberg–Witten invariants]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Seiberg–Witten invariants
Context triple: [Seiberg–Witten theory, relatedTo, Seiberg–Witten invariants]
  • A. Seiberg–Witten theory
    Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
  • B. Donaldson invariants
    Donaldson invariants are sophisticated topological invariants of smooth four-dimensional manifolds derived from moduli spaces of anti-self-dual connections, central to the study of 4-manifold differential topology.
  • C. Seiberg–Witten differential
    The Seiberg–Witten differential is a meromorphic one-form on the Seiberg–Witten curve whose periods encode the low-energy effective couplings and BPS spectrum of certain supersymmetric gauge theories.
  • D. Seiberg–Witten curve
    The Seiberg–Witten curve is an auxiliary complex algebraic curve encoding the low-energy effective dynamics of certain supersymmetric gauge theories, particularly their moduli spaces and BPS spectra.
  • E. Donaldson–Witten theory
    Donaldson–Witten theory is a four-dimensional topological quantum field theory derived from twisting N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, used to compute Donaldson invariants of smooth four-manifolds.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Seiberg–Witten invariants
Triple: [Seiberg–Witten theory, relatedTo, Seiberg–Witten invariants]
Generated description
Seiberg–Witten invariants are powerful topological invariants of smooth four-manifolds derived from solutions to the Seiberg–Witten equations, used to distinguish different smooth structures and study the geometry and topology of 4D spaces.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Seiberg–Witten invariants
Target entity description: Seiberg–Witten invariants are powerful topological invariants of smooth four-manifolds derived from solutions to the Seiberg–Witten equations, used to distinguish different smooth structures and study the geometry and topology of 4D spaces.
  • A. Seiberg–Witten theory
    Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
  • B. Donaldson invariants
    Donaldson invariants are sophisticated topological invariants of smooth four-dimensional manifolds derived from moduli spaces of anti-self-dual connections, central to the study of 4-manifold differential topology.
  • C. Seiberg–Witten differential
    The Seiberg–Witten differential is a meromorphic one-form on the Seiberg–Witten curve whose periods encode the low-energy effective couplings and BPS spectrum of certain supersymmetric gauge theories.
  • D. Seiberg–Witten curve
    The Seiberg–Witten curve is an auxiliary complex algebraic curve encoding the low-energy effective dynamics of certain supersymmetric gauge theories, particularly their moduli spaces and BPS spectra.
  • E. Donaldson–Witten theory
    Donaldson–Witten theory is a four-dimensional topological quantum field theory derived from twisting N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, used to compute Donaldson invariants of smooth four-manifolds.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d381b5116081908d85227bab6d3c0c completed April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d4e9a59d688190b1da1ea0ed48fafa completed April 7, 2026, 11:25 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d7fbae9a9c81908178fca68eb142b6 completed April 9, 2026, 7:19 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d822d303888190aa556287b3b1cc03 completed April 9, 2026, 10:06 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d859b05a3881908c97cb173d160e44 completed April 10, 2026, 2 a.m.
Created at: April 6, 2026, 12:05 p.m.