Triple
T10376349
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Yang–Mills theory |
E244516
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasLagrangian |
P93656
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Yang–Mills Lagrangian
The Yang–Mills Lagrangian is the fundamental gauge-invariant field-theoretic expression that describes the dynamics of non-abelian gauge fields underlying the strong and electroweak interactions in particle physics.
|
E244516
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Yang–Mills Lagrangian | Statement: [Yang–Mills theory, hasLagrangian, Yang–Mills Lagrangian]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Yang–Mills Lagrangian Context triple: [Yang–Mills theory, hasLagrangian, Yang–Mills Lagrangian]
-
A.
Yang–Mills theory
Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
-
B.
Dirac Lagrangian
The Dirac Lagrangian is the relativistic quantum field theory Lagrangian density that describes spin-½ fermions, such as electrons, and leads to the Dirac equation as their equation of motion.
-
C.
Einstein–Yang–Mills equations
The Einstein–Yang–Mills equations are the coupled field equations that describe how non-abelian gauge fields (such as those in Yang–Mills theory) interact with and curve spacetime within the framework of general relativity.
-
D.
Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian
The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
-
E.
Weyl’s gauge theory
Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Yang–Mills Lagrangian Triple: [Yang–Mills theory, hasLagrangian, Yang–Mills Lagrangian]
Generated description
The Yang–Mills Lagrangian is the fundamental gauge-invariant field-theoretic expression that describes the dynamics of non-abelian gauge fields underlying the strong and electroweak interactions in particle physics.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Yang–Mills Lagrangian Target entity description: The Yang–Mills Lagrangian is the fundamental gauge-invariant field-theoretic expression that describes the dynamics of non-abelian gauge fields underlying the strong and electroweak interactions in particle physics.
-
A.
Yang–Mills theory
chosen
Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
-
B.
Dirac Lagrangian
The Dirac Lagrangian is the relativistic quantum field theory Lagrangian density that describes spin-½ fermions, such as electrons, and leads to the Dirac equation as their equation of motion.
-
C.
Einstein–Yang–Mills equations
The Einstein–Yang–Mills equations are the coupled field equations that describe how non-abelian gauge fields (such as those in Yang–Mills theory) interact with and curve spacetime within the framework of general relativity.
-
D.
Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian
The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
-
E.
Weyl’s gauge theory
Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
- F. None of above.
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: hasLagrangian Context triple: [Yang–Mills theory, hasLagrangian, Yang–Mills Lagrangian]
-
A.
LagrangianContains
Indicates that a given term, field, or interaction is included as part of the Lagrangian in a physical or mathematical model.
-
B.
hasEquationOfMotion
Indicates that one entity specifies or is associated with the equation of motion governing the dynamical behavior of another entity.
-
C.
hasLieAlgebra
Indicates that one mathematical structure is associated with, or gives rise to, a specific Lie algebra capturing its infinitesimal or tangent-level structure.
-
D.
hasRelativeAngularMomentum
Indicates that one entity possesses angular momentum defined relative to another reference entity or frame.
-
E.
hasLacunae
Indicates that something contains gaps, missing parts, or omissions within its structure, content, or sequence.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (7 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d381b3e328819094b23b8edcd29b5a |
completed | April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d4e98278e08190a4d3ff88b4039e49 |
completed | April 7, 2026, 11:24 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d795754570819093747f80e32fffce |
completed | April 9, 2026, 12:03 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d7bde050ac8190b87a0c81700ad1b1 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 2:55 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d7e60afaf481909a0790c94e323143 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 5:46 p.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69d4dface5508190a7b42f01ad0a19a2 |
completed | April 7, 2026, 10:42 a.m. |
| PDg | Predicate description generation | batch_69d4e944fac4819093b0312aa0efd729 |
completed | April 7, 2026, 11:23 a.m. |
Created at: April 6, 2026, 12:02 p.m.