Statements (664)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| gptkbp:instance_of |
gptkb:military_operation
gptkb:battle |
| gptkbp:bfsLayer |
3
|
| gptkbp:bfsParent |
gptkb:aircraft
gptkb:John_Mc_Cain gptkb:Lyndon_B._Johnson gptkb:Monarch gptkb:United_States |
| gptkbp:aircraft_operated |
gptkb:F-105_Thunderchief
gptkb:F-8_Crusader gptkb:B-52_Stratofortress gptkb:A-4_Skyhawk gptkb:star North Vietnam improved air defenses achieved but costly |
| gptkbp:allows |
weather conditions
rules of engagement political considerations political constraints North Vietnamese air defenses target restrictions |
| gptkbp:approves |
President Lyndon B. Johnson
|
| gptkbp:arrangements |
over 100,000
over 300,000 over 800,000 |
| gptkbp:bomb_load |
gptkb:battle
|
| gptkbp:campaigns |
in US history
|
| gptkbp:cancellation_reason |
North Vietnamese supply lines
|
| gptkbp:casualties |
displacement of civilians
significant civilian casualties tens of thousands of Vietnamese civilians thousands of Vietnamese civilians |
| gptkbp:commanded |
gptkb:General_William_Westmoreland
|
| gptkbp:commander |
gptkb:General_William_Westmoreland
gptkb:General_John_M._Mc_Connell gptkb:Lyndon_B._Johnson gptkb:Robert_Mc_Namara |
| gptkbp:community_impact |
increased anti-war sentiment in the US
increased anti-war sentiment in the U. S. influenced US military strategy |
| gptkbp:conducted |
gptkb:General_William_Westmoreland
gptkb:aircraft gptkb:military_unit gptkb:U._S._military_forces gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_Command gptkb:Monarch gptkb:Gulf_of_Tonkin_Incident gptkb:Nixon_administration gptkb:Johnson_administration gptkb:battle three years transportation networks supply routes phases ground operations command and control centers President Lyndon B. Johnson escalating conflict in Vietnam limited intelligence air defense systems logistical bases limited air support industrial targets troop concentrations with varying intensity Secretary of Defense Robert Mc Namara Operation Plan 34 A U. S. command structure North Vietnam airspace North Vietnamese airspace North Vietnamese military targets infrastructure targets Vietnamese airspace Operation Rolling Thunder 66 a contested environment |
| gptkbp:controversy |
gptkb:civilian_casualties
debate over effectiveness escalation of the Vietnam War |
| gptkbp:convicted_of |
U. S. military commanders
|
| gptkbp:country |
gptkb:United_States
|
| gptkbp:depicted_in |
gptkb:books
gptkb:films gptkb:literary_work films and documentaries a turning point in the war a failure by some historians a controversial military campaign a turning point in U. S. involvement in Vietnam |
| gptkbp:diplomatic_relations |
gptkb:China
gptkb:Monarch condemnation from some countries North Vietnam's allies failed to achieve peace negotiations |
| gptkbp:doctrine |
influenced future air campaigns
|
| gptkbp:documentary |
used against U. S. forces
|
| gptkbp:duration |
approximately 3 years
1965-1968 approximately three years 1965 to 1968 |
| gptkbp:effective_date |
March 2, 1965
|
| gptkbp:emphasizes |
gptkb:battle
|
| gptkbp:end_date |
1968-11-02
November 2, 1968 1968-11-01 |
| gptkbp:ends_at |
gptkb:1968
limited success November 1968 November 2, 1968 President Richard Nixon March 1968 lack of significant military success |
| gptkbp:environmental_impact |
limited impact on supply routes
|
| gptkbp:established |
gptkb:United_States
|
| gptkbp:exhibited_at |
air power
|
| gptkbp:first_introduced |
gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_II
|
| gptkbp:followed_by |
gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_II
gptkb:Operation_Linebacker gptkb:Operation_Linebacker_II Operation Rolling Thunder 68 |
| gptkbp:goal |
demoralize North Vietnam
to weaken North Vietnam's ability to wage war to halt the flow of troops and supplies to South Vietnam to boost morale of the South Vietnamese to boost the morale of the South Vietnamese to destroy North Vietnam's transportation system to destroy North Vietnamese infrastructure |
| gptkbp:has_weakness |
North Vietnamese resolve
|
| gptkbp:historical_analysis |
widely studied in military history
|
| gptkbp:historical_context |
gptkb:Vietnam_War
|
| gptkbp:historical_event |
importance of clear objectives
did not achieve intended goals |
| gptkbp:historical_impact |
prolonged the conflict
significant escalation of U. S. involvement |
| gptkbp:historical_significance |
influenced future military operations
shaped U. S. military policy first sustained bombing campaign in history first sustained bombing campaign in war highlighted limitations of air power set precedent for future air campaigns highlighted challenges of air power in warfare |
| gptkbp:home_ground |
gptkb:military_unit
gptkb:South_Vietnamese_Army gptkb:U._S._Marines |
| https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label |
Operation Rolling Thunder
|
| gptkbp:impact |
escalation of U. S. involvement in Vietnam War
increased North Vietnamese resilience limited success in achieving objectives |
| gptkbp:includes |
gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_Phase_I
gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_Phase_II gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_Phase_III gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_Phase_IV over 800,000 tons of bombs Operation Rolling Thunder 67 |
| gptkbp:increased |
U. S. military presence in Vietnam
U. S. troop presence in Vietnam |
| gptkbp:influenced |
gptkb:public_opinion
public opinion on the Vietnam War Vietnam War strategy US military strategy U. S. military strategy U. S. public opinion public opinion in the U. S. future U. S. military strategies |
| gptkbp:influenced_by |
intelligence reports
Cold War dynamics |
| gptkbp:infrastructure |
severe damage to North Vietnam's infrastructure
|
| gptkbp:intelligence |
poor intelligence on targets
|
| gptkbp:involved_countries |
gptkb:United_States
gptkb:South_Vietnam |
| gptkbp:involved_forces |
gptkb:aircraft
gptkb:military_unit gptkb:South_Vietnamese_Air_Force gptkb:battle |
| gptkbp:is_a_moment_of |
U. S.-Vietnam relations
US military involvement in Vietnam. |
| gptkbp:is_aimed_at |
gptkb:North_Vietnam
gptkb:Ho_Chi_Minh_Trail military bases supply routes industrial facilities disrupting enemy logistics disrupting supply lines destroying supply lines destroying military targets demoralize North Vietnam disrupting Ho Chi Minh Trail North Vietnamese supply lines demoralize North Vietnamese forces North Vietnamese infrastructure |
| gptkbp:is_analyzed_in |
academic studies
military historians military studies |
| gptkbp:is_characterized_by |
gptkb:television_channel
gptkb:military_conflict intelligence failures public protests strategic bombing high visibility political oversight high operational costs strategic bombing campaigns political constraints high levels of secrecy high civilian impact intense media coverage use of aerial reconnaissance impact on military tactics high levels of destruction tactical bombing heavy bombing campaigns use of air power use of psychological warfare use of cluster bombs use of precision bombing techniques military debates limited ground support use of air-to-ground missiles limited objectives use of napalm targeting of military installations use of electronic warfare impact on U. S. foreign policy escalating military involvement gradual escalation political debates in the U. S. increased anti-war sentiment in the U. S. diplomatic tensions with China increased military presence in Southeast Asia high levels of bombing long-term consequences for Vietnam diplomatic tensions with the Soviet Union escalating military costs escalation of air power high levels of aircraft losses highly publicized missions increased use of air power in warfare limited ground operations limited ground troop involvement limited impact on North Vietnam's war effort military strategy debates in the U. S. political pressure on military leaders poor coordination with ground forces targeting of supply routes diplomatic tensions with Soviet Union gradual escalation of bombing heavy reliance on air power increased anti-American sentiment in Vietnam limited military objectives long-term consequences for U. S. foreign policy low levels of ground troop involvement political constraints on military operations targeting of industrial sites |
| gptkbp:is_criticized_for |
gptkb:political_movement
gptkb:civilian_casualties gptkb:public_opinion gptkb:Politician environmental impact political implications environmental damage military analysts political motivations high costs the media high civilian casualties ineffectiveness lack of clear objectives strategic bombing tactics lack of strategic impact failure to achieve strategic goals ineffective bombing strategy limited impact on North Vietnam's war effort long-term consequences on Vietnam North Vietnamese morale escalating the conflict ineffectiveness against North Vietnam not targeting key military assets |
| gptkbp:is_designed_to |
air superiority
weaken enemy morale demoralize the enemy interdict supply routes negotiated peace support South Vietnamese forces demonstrate U. S. resolve support South Vietnam demoralize North Vietnamese forces interdict supply lines North Vietnam into negotiations support South Vietnamese government interdict supplies along the Ho Chi Minh Trail weaken North Vietnam's will to fight |
| gptkbp:is_documented_in |
gptkb:archive
historical analyses military reports |
| gptkbp:is_involved_in |
gptkb:aircraft
gptkb:government_agency gptkb:naval_bombardment gptkb:battle gptkb:war air strikes bombing campaigns naval air operations naval air strikes over 800,000 tons of bombs over 100,000 sorties over 3,500 sorties over 3,500 sorties per month over 600,000 sorties over 864,000 tons of bombs |
| gptkbp:is_monitored_by |
gptkb:U._S._Congress
|
| gptkbp:is_opposed_by |
gptkb:China
gptkb:Monarch gptkb:North_Vietnam gptkb:North_Vietnamese_Army gptkb:North_Vietnamese_government gptkb:Viet_Cong anti-war activists some military leaders |
| gptkbp:is_part_of |
gptkb:Vietnam_War
gptkb:U._S._military_operations_in_Vietnam gptkb:U._S._air_campaign U. S. military strategy U. S. Cold War strategy U. S. air power strategy U. S. strategy in Southeast Asia U. S. Cold War policy U. S. escalation in Vietnam Operation Rolling Thunder campaign U. S. strategy of attrition U. S. intervention in Vietnam. air campaign against North Vietnam |
| gptkbp:is_referenced_in |
gptkb:musical
|
| gptkbp:is_supported_by |
gptkb:US_Navy_aircraft_carriers
gptkb:U._S._Congress gptkb:South_Vietnamese_government gptkb:South_Vietnamese_forces gptkb:battle gptkb:U._S._Navy_aircraft some military leaders some politicians some media outlets American public initially |
| gptkbp:is_tested_for |
US military power
|
| gptkbp:key |
U. S. involvement in Vietnam
U. S. air strategy |
| gptkbp:key_event |
Vietnam War history
U. S.-Vietnam relations |
| gptkbp:launch_date |
1965-03-02
|
| gptkbp:launched |
gptkb:1965
February 24, 1965 |
| gptkbp:led_to |
gptkb:civilian_casualties
changes in military strategy increased anti-war sentiment increased anti-war protests escalation of U. S. involvement in Vietnam increased anti-war sentiment in the US increased anti-war sentiment in the U. S. escalation of U. S. involvement |
| gptkbp:legacy |
influenced future military operations
impact on US foreign policy influence on military doctrine controversial military strategy debate over civilian casualties |
| gptkbp:legislation |
gptkb:battle
|
| gptkbp:location |
gptkb:Monarch
|
| gptkbp:logistics |
complex supply chain
|
| gptkbp:losses |
significant losses of U. S. aircraft
|
| gptkbp:media_coverage |
extensive media coverage
|
| gptkbp:meets |
surface-to-air missiles
anti-aircraft fire international criticism North Vietnamese resistance North Vietnamese countermeasures North Vietnamese resilience |
| gptkbp:military_branch |
gptkb:aircraft
gptkb:United_States_Department_of_Defense gptkb:battle |
| gptkbp:military_strategy |
gptkb:North_Vietnam
evolved over time increased recruitment of soldiers attrition strategy in the Vietnam War. questioned by historians did not significantly weaken escalation of involvement |
| gptkbp:mission |
to destroy war-making capacity
|
| gptkbp:notable_allies |
gptkb:Australia
gptkb:Monarch gptkb:Thailand gptkb:South_Vietnam |
| gptkbp:notable_battle |
against North Vietnam
|
| gptkbp:notable_event |
gptkb:military_unit
Cold War history U. S. military history |
| gptkbp:notable_operations |
gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_I
gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_IV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_II gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_III gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_IX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_V gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_VI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_VII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_VIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_X gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XVII Vietnam War history in U. S. military history |
| gptkbp:notable_players |
U. S. bombing campaign
|
| gptkbp:notable_ships |
gptkb:aircraft
gptkb:battle |
| gptkbp:objective |
to boost the morale of the South Vietnamese government
to boost morale of South Vietnam |
| gptkbp:part_of |
gptkb:Vietnam_War
|
| gptkbp:predecessor |
gptkb:Operation_Pierce_Arrow
|
| gptkbp:proposed_by |
gptkb:General_William_Westmoreland
gptkb:U._S._Department_of_Defense Secretary of Defense Robert Mc Namara |
| gptkbp:public_perception |
mixed reactions
increased anti-war sentiment |
| gptkbp:related_event |
gptkb:Operation_Commando_Hunt
gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_IV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_II gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_III gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_IX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LIX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LVII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LVIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXIX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXVII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXVIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXIX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXVII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXVIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXXI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXXII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXXIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXXIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXXIX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXXV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXXVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXXVII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_LXXXVIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_V gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_VI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_VII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_VIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_X gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XC gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XCI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XCII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XCIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XCIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XCIX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XCV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XCVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XIX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XL gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XLI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XLII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XLIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XLIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XLIX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XLV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XLVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XLVII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XLVIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XVII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XVIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXIX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXVII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXVIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXXI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXXII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXXIII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXXIV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXXIX gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXXV gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXXVI gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXXVII gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_XXXVIII gptkb:Vietnam_War gptkb:Gulf_of_Tonkin_Incident gptkb:Tet_Offensive gptkb:Operation_Freedom_Deal gptkb:Operation_Linebacker_II gptkb:Operation_Ranch_Hand gptkb:Operation_Barrel_Roll gptkb:Operation_Steel_Tiger Operation Menu Operation Rolling Thunder C Operation Rolling Thunder L Operation Rolling Thunder LI Operation Rolling Thunder XCVII Operation Rolling Thunder XCVIII |
| gptkbp:replaced_by |
gptkb:Operation_Rolling_Thunder_II
gptkb:Operation_Linebacker gptkb:Operation_Linebacker_I gptkb:Operation_Linebacker_II |
| gptkbp:responds_to |
increased anti-aircraft measures
|
| gptkbp:resulted_in |
gptkb:civilian_casualties
significant civilian casualties destruction of infrastructure destruction of military targets loss of aircraft significant destruction of infrastructure limited military success development of new bombing strategies destruction of bridges escalation of US involvement in Vietnam escalation of U. S. involvement in Vietnam increased anti-war sentiment in the US destruction of infrastructure in North Vietnam destruction of supply routes increased North Vietnamese resilience significant destruction in North Vietnam significant environmental damage in Vietnam |
| gptkbp:retirement_year |
gptkb:political_movement
gptkb:Ho_Chi_Minh gptkb:Le_Duan adapted to bombing campaigns |
| gptkbp:significance |
gptkb:first_sustained_bombing_campaign_in_Vietnam_War
first sustained bombing campaign in history |
| gptkbp:strategic_importance |
demoralize enemy forces
containment of communism interdict supply routes destroy infrastructure failed to achieve strategic objectives defeat the Viet Cong air power in Vietnam demoralize North Vietnamese leadership support South Vietnamese government interdict supplies from the Ho Chi Minh Trail |
| gptkbp:subject |
gptkb:military_conflict
political analysis |
| gptkbp:succeeded_by |
gptkb:Operation_Linebacker
limited limited military success |
| gptkbp:successor |
gptkb:Operation_Linebacker
|
| gptkbp:supports |
gptkb:South_Vietnamese_government
gptkb:South_Vietnam ground troops in South Vietnam |
| gptkbp:tactics |
gptkb:government_agency
gptkb:naval_bombardment gptkb:war close air support air superiority missions strategic bombing containment electronic warfare carpet bombing precision bombing interdiction missions targeted strikes bombing of supply depots bombing of airfields bombing of bridges bombing of command centers bombing of industrial sites bombing of transportation networks bombing of military bases bombing of enemy troop concentrations bombing of communication lines attrition strategy bombing of urban areas bombing of supply routes bombing of tunnels support South Vietnam demonstrate U. S. commitment bombing of agricultural areas bombing of air defense systems bombing of fuel storage facilities bombing of logistics hubs bombing of missile sites bombing of naval facilities bombing of radar installations bombing of training camps pressure North Vietnam |
| gptkbp:target_market |
gptkb:bridge
railroads military bases munitions factories |
| gptkbp:targets |
gptkb:North_Vietnam
limited targets strategically important sites |
| gptkbp:type |
aerial bombardment
aerial bombing campaign |
| gptkbp:uses |
gptkb:B-52_bombers
fighter jets napalm cluster bombs |
| gptkbp:was_a_factor_in |
gptkb:Paris_Peace_Accords
gptkb:Vietnamization_policy anti-war protests Cold War dynamics diplomatic relations with China military tactics evolution media coverage of the war U. S. military policy U. S. withdrawal from Vietnam North Vietnam's strategy diplomatic relations with USSR the escalation of the Vietnam War U. S. public disillusionment U. S. public opinion on the Vietnam War |
| gptkbp:was_a_response_to |
gptkb:Gulf_of_Tonkin_Incident
Cold War tensions regional instability U. S. military strategy U. S. foreign policy objectives North Vietnamese aggression increased Viet Cong activity North Vietnamese aggression. South Vietnam's request for support Viet Cong attacks communist expansion fears domino theory concerns political developments in Vietnam |
| gptkbp:was_marked_by |
gptkb:military_conflict
intense media coverage significant technological advancements military debates escalating military involvement increased bombing intensity high levels of bombing high levels of anti-aircraft fire |