Miḥna
E884989
Miḥna was an Islamic inquisition instituted by the Abbasid caliphs in the 9th century to enforce the doctrine that the Qur’an was created, testing and persecuting scholars who refused to conform.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Miḥna canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10775254 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Miḥna Context triple: [Mihna, alsoKnownAs, Miḥna]
-
A.
Khwarshis
The Khwarshis are a small indigenous ethnic group from the mountainous region of Dagestan in the North Caucasus, known for their distinct Northeast Caucasian language and traditional highland culture.
-
B.
Masaesyli
Masaesyli was an ancient Berber kingdom in North Africa that preceded and formed part of what later became Numidia.
-
C.
Musasir
Musasir was an ancient Urartian city and religious center in the Armenian Highlands, renowned for its prominent temple dedicated to the god Haldi.
-
D.
El-Radisiyah
El-Radisiyah is a town located in Egypt’s southern Aswan Governorate along the Nile Valley.
-
E.
Bibān el-Mulūk
Bibān el-Mulūk is the Arabic name for Egypt’s Valley of the Kings, the famous necropolis on the west bank of the Nile at Luxor where many New Kingdom pharaohs were buried.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Miḥna Target entity description: Miḥna was an Islamic inquisition instituted by the Abbasid caliphs in the 9th century to enforce the doctrine that the Qur’an was created, testing and persecuting scholars who refused to conform.
-
A.
Khwarshis
The Khwarshis are a small indigenous ethnic group from the mountainous region of Dagestan in the North Caucasus, known for their distinct Northeast Caucasian language and traditional highland culture.
-
B.
Masaesyli
Masaesyli was an ancient Berber kingdom in North Africa that preceded and formed part of what later became Numidia.
-
C.
Musasir
Musasir was an ancient Urartian city and religious center in the Armenian Highlands, renowned for its prominent temple dedicated to the god Haldi.
-
D.
El-Radisiyah
El-Radisiyah is a town located in Egypt’s southern Aswan Governorate along the Nile Valley.
-
E.
Bibān el-Mulūk
Bibān el-Mulūk is the Arabic name for Egypt’s Valley of the Kings, the famous necropolis on the west bank of the Nile at Luxor where many New Kingdom pharaohs were buried.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Islamic inquisition
ⓘ
religious persecution ⓘ theological controversy ⓘ |
| abolishedBy | al-Mutawakkil ⓘ |
| aim |
assert caliphal authority over religious doctrine
ⓘ
enforce doctrinal uniformity ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Islamic inquisition
ⓘ
Mihna ⓘ |
| appliesToJurisdiction |
Abbasid Empire
ⓘ
linked to:
Abbasid Caliphate
|
| associatedSchool |
Muʿtazilism
ⓘ
linked to:
Muʿtazilite theology
|
| consequence |
decline of Muʿtazilite influence
ⓘ
elevation of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal’s prestige ⓘ later Sunni consensus on uncreated Qur’an ⓘ strengthening of traditionalist Sunni authority ⓘ |
| continuedBy |
al-Muʿtaṣim
ⓘ
linked to:
al-Mu'tasim
al-Wāthiq ⓘ
linked to:
al-Wathiq
|
| country | Abbasid Caliphate ⓘ |
| describedIn | classical Islamic historiography ⓘ |
| endedByEvent | policy reversal under al-Mutawakkil ⓘ |
| endTime | 848 ⓘ |
| enforcedDoctrine | Qur’an is created ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
Islamic law
ⓘ
Islamic theology ⓘ Qur’anic studies ⓘ |
| hasCause |
Muʿtazilite theology adopted at court
ⓘ
political desire to control religious elites ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | 9th century ⓘ |
| initiatedBy |
al-Maʾmūn
ⓘ
linked to:
al-Ma'mun
|
| location |
Baghdad
ⓘ
Samarra ⓘ |
| mainTopic | createdness of the Qur’an ⓘ |
| method |
dismissal from office
ⓘ
flogging ⓘ imprisonment ⓘ inquisition of scholars ⓘ |
| notableVictim |
Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal
ⓘ
linked to:
Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Yūsuf ibn Yaḥyā al-Buwayṭī ⓘ al-Buwayṭī ⓘ |
| opposedDoctrine | Qur’an is uncreated ⓘ |
| opposedGroup | Ahl al-Ḥadīth ⓘ |
| opposedSchool | traditionalist Sunni Islam ⓘ |
| partOf | Abbasid religious policy ⓘ |
| religion | Islam ⓘ |
| startTime | 833 ⓘ |
| targetedGroup |
jurists
ⓘ
qāḍīs ⓘ theologians ⓘ ḥadīth scholars ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Miḥna Description of subject: Miḥna was an Islamic inquisition instituted by the Abbasid caliphs in the 9th century to enforce the doctrine that the Qur’an was created, testing and persecuting scholars who refused to conform.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.