Ahmad ibn Tulun

Target entity: Ahmad ibn Tulun
Context triple: [al-Mu'tamid, facedAutonomousGovernor, Ahmad ibn Tulun]

• A. Muizz al-Dawla
  Muizz al-Dawla was a 10th-century Buyid ruler who established Buyid control over Baghdad and became the de facto power behind the Abbasid caliphate in Iraq.
• B. Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar
  Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar was the 9th-century founder of the Saffarid dynasty in Sistan, a former coppersmith who rose to power as a military leader and challenged Abbasid authority in eastern Iran and beyond.
• C. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid
  Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid was a 10th-century Turkic military commander and governor who became de facto ruler of Egypt and Syria under the Abbasid Caliphate and established a semi-autonomous state there.
• D. Adud al-Dawla
  Adud al-Dawla was a powerful 10th-century Buyid ruler renowned for consolidating control over much of Iran and Iraq and for his extensive building and patronage of culture in Baghdad and Shiraz.
• E. Muhammad al-Shaybani
  Muhammad al-Shaybani was an influential early Islamic jurist and student of Abu Hanifa who played a key role in systematizing and transmitting Hanafi jurisprudence.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Ahmad ibn Tulun
Target entity description: Ahmad ibn Tulun was a 9th-century Turkic military commander who became the semi-independent ruler of Egypt and founder of the Tulunid dynasty under the nominal authority of the Abbasid Caliphate.

• A. Muizz al-Dawla
  Muizz al-Dawla was a 10th-century Buyid ruler who established Buyid control over Baghdad and became the de facto power behind the Abbasid caliphate in Iraq.
• B. Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar
  Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar was the 9th-century founder of the Saffarid dynasty in Sistan, a former coppersmith who rose to power as a military leader and challenged Abbasid authority in eastern Iran and beyond.
• C. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid
  Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid was a 10th-century Turkic military commander and governor who became de facto ruler of Egypt and Syria under the Abbasid Caliphate and established a semi-autonomous state there.
• D. Adud al-Dawla
  Adud al-Dawla was a powerful 10th-century Buyid ruler renowned for consolidating control over much of Iran and Iraq and for his extensive building and patronage of culture in Baghdad and Shiraz.
• E. Muhammad al-Shaybani
  Muhammad al-Shaybani was an influential early Islamic jurist and student of Abu Hanifa who played a key role in systematizing and transmitting Hanafi jurisprudence.
• F. None of above. chosen