Sachs–Wolfe effect
E844092
The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Sachs–Wolfe effect canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10147723 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sachs–Wolfe effect Context triple: [Bardeen potential, usedToAnalyze, Sachs–Wolfe effect]
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A.
Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect
The Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect is a distortion of the cosmic microwave background radiation caused by high-energy electrons in galaxy clusters, used as a powerful probe of large-scale structure and cosmology.
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B.
cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background is the faint, nearly uniform afterglow radiation permeating the universe, providing a snapshot of the cosmos about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
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C.
Gamow factor
The Gamow factor is a quantum mechanical tunneling probability term that quantifies the likelihood of charged particles overcoming their mutual Coulomb barrier, especially in nuclear fusion processes.
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D.
Lemaître–Hubble law
The Lemaître–Hubble law is the fundamental cosmological relation that expresses the proportionality between a galaxy’s recessional velocity and its distance, providing the first observational evidence for the expansion of the universe.
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E.
Zeldovich approximation
The Zeldovich approximation is a cosmological model that provides a simple, first-order description of the growth of large-scale structure in the universe by tracking how matter elements move under gravity from initially small density perturbations.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sachs–Wolfe effect Target entity description: The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
-
A.
Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect
The Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect is a distortion of the cosmic microwave background radiation caused by high-energy electrons in galaxy clusters, used as a powerful probe of large-scale structure and cosmology.
-
B.
cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background is the faint, nearly uniform afterglow radiation permeating the universe, providing a snapshot of the cosmos about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
-
C.
Gamow factor
The Gamow factor is a quantum mechanical tunneling probability term that quantifies the likelihood of charged particles overcoming their mutual Coulomb barrier, especially in nuclear fusion processes.
-
D.
Lemaître–Hubble law
The Lemaître–Hubble law is the fundamental cosmological relation that expresses the proportionality between a galaxy’s recessional velocity and its distance, providing the first observational evidence for the expansion of the universe.
-
E.
Zeldovich approximation
The Zeldovich approximation is a cosmological model that provides a simple, first-order description of the growth of large-scale structure in the universe by tracking how matter elements move under gravity from initially small density perturbations.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cosmological effect
ⓘ
physical phenomenon ⓘ |
| abbreviation | SW effect NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| affects |
CMB temperature anisotropies
ⓘ
cosmic microwave background NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| cause |
gravitational potential fluctuations
ⓘ
metric perturbations in the early universe ⓘ |
| component |
integrated Sachs–Wolfe effect
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
ordinary Sachs–Wolfe effect NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| cosmologicalParameterSensitivity |
Hubble parameter H_0
ⓘ
dark energy density parameter Ω_Λ ⓘ matter density parameter Ω_m ⓘ |
| dependsOn |
evolution of gravitational potentials along the line of sight
ⓘ
gravitational potential at last scattering surface ⓘ |
| describedIn | Sachs and Wolfe 1967 paper NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| dominantOn | angular scales larger than a few degrees ⓘ |
| field |
astrophysics
ⓘ
cosmology ⓘ general relativity NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| mathematicalForm | temperature fluctuation proportional to gravitational potential divided by c squared ⓘ |
| mechanism |
gravitational redshift of photons
ⓘ
time dilation in gravitational potentials ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Arthur Michael Wolfe
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Rainer Kurt Sachs NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| observationalEvidence |
cross-correlation of CMB with galaxy surveys
ⓘ
large-angle CMB temperature maps ⓘ |
| observedBy |
COBE satellite
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Planck satellite NERFINISHED ⓘ WMAP satellite NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| occursOn | large angular scales on the sky ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
cosmic horizon
ⓘ
gravitational redshift ⓘ photon geodesics in curved spacetime ⓘ recombination epoch ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
cosmic microwave background anisotropy power spectrum
ⓘ
inflationary cosmology ⓘ large-scale structure of the universe ⓘ primordial density perturbations ⓘ ΛCDM model NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| scale | super-horizon scales at recombination ⓘ |
| signature | enhanced CMB power at low multipoles ⓘ |
| theoreticalBasis | linear perturbation theory in general relativity ⓘ |
| usedFor |
constraining primordial power spectrum
ⓘ
probing dark energy via integrated Sachs–Wolfe effect ⓘ testing cosmological models ⓘ |
| yearProposed | 1967 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Sachs–Wolfe effect Description of subject: The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.