1991 U.S. Treasury auction bidding scandal
E814277
The 1991 U.S. Treasury auction bidding scandal was a major financial controversy in which Salomon Brothers was found to have violated Treasury auction rules by submitting illegal bids, shaking confidence in Wall Street and prompting regulatory reforms.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| 1991 U.S. Treasury auction bidding scandal canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9666649 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 1991 U.S. Treasury auction bidding scandal Context triple: [Salomon Brothers, notableEvent, 1991 U.S. Treasury auction bidding scandal]
-
A.
Keating Five scandal
The Keating Five scandal was a major U.S. political controversy in the late 1980s involving five senators accused of improperly intervening with federal regulators on behalf of banker Charles Keating, whose savings and loan institution later collapsed.
-
B.
Whiskey Ring scandal
The Whiskey Ring scandal was a major 1870s U.S. political corruption scheme involving distillers and government officials who conspired to defraud the federal government of liquor tax revenues during President Ulysses S. Grant’s administration.
-
C.
Bofors scandal
The Bofors scandal was a major Indian political corruption controversy in the 1980s involving alleged kickbacks in a Swedish howitzer gun deal, which severely damaged the credibility of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi’s government.
-
D.
Saltergate
Saltergate is a small hamlet in North Yorkshire, England, known as a popular stopping point on the A169 road overlooking the scenic Hole of Horcum in the North York Moors.
-
E.
Bill Clinton–Paula Jones scandal
The Bill Clinton–Paula Jones scandal refers to the sexual harassment allegations Paula Jones made against then–President Bill Clinton, which led to a high-profile lawsuit and played a significant role in the events surrounding his impeachment.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 1991 U.S. Treasury auction bidding scandal Target entity description: The 1991 U.S. Treasury auction bidding scandal was a major financial controversy in which Salomon Brothers was found to have violated Treasury auction rules by submitting illegal bids, shaking confidence in Wall Street and prompting regulatory reforms.
-
A.
Keating Five scandal
The Keating Five scandal was a major U.S. political controversy in the late 1980s involving five senators accused of improperly intervening with federal regulators on behalf of banker Charles Keating, whose savings and loan institution later collapsed.
-
B.
Whiskey Ring scandal
The Whiskey Ring scandal was a major 1870s U.S. political corruption scheme involving distillers and government officials who conspired to defraud the federal government of liquor tax revenues during President Ulysses S. Grant’s administration.
-
C.
Bofors scandal
The Bofors scandal was a major Indian political corruption controversy in the 1980s involving alleged kickbacks in a Swedish howitzer gun deal, which severely damaged the credibility of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi’s government.
-
D.
Saltergate
Saltergate is a small hamlet in North Yorkshire, England, known as a popular stopping point on the A169 road overlooking the scenic Hole of Horcum in the North York Moors.
-
E.
Bill Clinton–Paula Jones scandal
The Bill Clinton–Paula Jones scandal refers to the sexual harassment allegations Paula Jones made against then–President Bill Clinton, which led to a high-profile lawsuit and played a significant role in the events surrounding his impeachment.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
financial scandal
ⓘ
securities auction scandal ⓘ |
| aimedRegulationAt |
Treasury auction rules
ⓘ
primary dealer conduct ⓘ |
| cause |
submission of illegal bids in Treasury auctions
ⓘ
violation of Treasury auction rules ⓘ |
| consequenceForCompany |
management changes at Salomon Brothers
ⓘ
reputational damage to Salomon Brothers ⓘ threat of losing primary dealer status ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| discovered | 1991 ⓘ |
| endTime | 1991 ⓘ |
| financialMarket | U.S. government bond market ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
changes in auction bidding limits
ⓘ
increased oversight of primary dealers ⓘ loss of confidence in U.S. Treasury auction process ⓘ loss of confidence in Wall Street ⓘ regulatory reforms in Treasury auction procedures ⓘ stricter compliance requirements for securities firms ⓘ |
| industry |
investment banking
ⓘ
securities trading ⓘ |
| involves |
Treasury auction bidding limits
ⓘ
Treasury bonds ⓘ Treasury notes ⓘ U.S. Treasury securities ⓘ exceeding auction purchase limits ⓘ false customer bids ⓘ primary dealers in U.S. government securities ⓘ |
| legalOutcome |
fines against Salomon Brothers
ⓘ
settlements with U.S. government authorities ⓘ |
| location | New York City ⓘ |
| mainActor | Salomon Brothers ⓘ |
| notableParticipant | Warren Buffett ⓘ |
| notableParticipantRole | interim chairman of Salomon Brothers ⓘ |
| partOf |
history of U.S. financial regulation
ⓘ
history of Wall Street scandals ⓘ |
| regulator |
Federal Reserve
ⓘ
linked to:
Federal Reserve System
Securities and Exchange Commission ⓘ U.S. Department of the Treasury ⓘ
linked to:
United States Department of the Treasury
|
| relatedTo |
market manipulation in securities auctions
ⓘ
primary dealer system in U.S. Treasury markets ⓘ |
| startTime | 1990 ⓘ |
| subjectOf |
academic studies on market integrity
ⓘ
congressional hearings ⓘ media investigations ⓘ |
| timePeriod | early 1990s ⓘ |
| triggeredBy | revelations about Salomon Brothers’ bidding practices ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: 1991 U.S. Treasury auction bidding scandal Description of subject: The 1991 U.S. Treasury auction bidding scandal was a major financial controversy in which Salomon Brothers was found to have violated Treasury auction rules by submitting illegal bids, shaking confidence in Wall Street and prompting regulatory reforms.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.