MOND
E808786
MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) is an alternative theory of gravity proposed to explain galaxy rotation curves without invoking dark matter.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| MOND canonical | 5 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9600412 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: MOND Context triple: [Mordehai Milgrom, knownFor, MOND]
-
A.
Dark Matter
Dark Matter is a Canadian science fiction television series that follows a group of amnesiac spaceship crew members as they uncover their mysterious pasts and navigate a dangerous future.
-
B.
Dark Matter
Dark Matter is a recurring, malevolent final boss and central antagonist in the Kirby video game series, often depicted as a dark, shape-shifting entity that threatens Dream Land and the universe.
-
C.
Primum Mobile
Primum Mobile is the outermost celestial sphere in Dante’s Paradiso, whose swift motion imparts movement to all the heavens below it.
-
D.
Einasto
Einasto is an Estonian surname most notably associated with astrophysicist Jaan Einasto, a pioneer in the study of dark matter and large-scale structure of the universe.
-
E.
Galaxia
Galaxia is a fictional, galaxy-spanning group consciousness proposed in Isaac Asimov’s science fiction universe as an ultimate evolutionary step for intelligent life.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: MOND Target entity description: MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) is an alternative theory of gravity proposed to explain galaxy rotation curves without invoking dark matter.
-
A.
Dark Matter
Dark Matter is a Canadian science fiction television series that follows a group of amnesiac spaceship crew members as they uncover their mysterious pasts and navigate a dangerous future.
-
B.
Dark Matter
Dark Matter is a recurring, malevolent final boss and central antagonist in the Kirby video game series, often depicted as a dark, shape-shifting entity that threatens Dream Land and the universe.
-
C.
Primum Mobile
Primum Mobile is the outermost celestial sphere in Dante’s Paradiso, whose swift motion imparts movement to all the heavens below it.
-
D.
Einasto
Einasto is an Estonian surname most notably associated with astrophysicist Jaan Einasto, a pioneer in the study of dark matter and large-scale structure of the universe.
-
E.
Galaxia
Galaxia is a fictional, galaxy-spanning group consciousness proposed in Isaac Asimov’s science fiction universe as an ultimate evolutionary step for intelligent life.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
alternative theory of gravity
ⓘ
modified dynamics theory ⓘ physical theory ⓘ |
| abbreviationOf | Modified Newtonian Dynamics ⓘ |
| accelerationThreshold | about 1e-10 m/s^2 ⓘ |
| addressesProblem |
flat galaxy rotation curves
ⓘ
mass discrepancy in galaxies ⓘ |
| alternativeTo |
cold dark matter
ⓘ
ΛCDM model ⓘ
linked to:
Lambda-CDM model
|
| appliesTo |
dwarf galaxies
ⓘ
low surface brightness galaxies ⓘ spiral galaxies ⓘ |
| basedOn | modification of Newtonian dynamics at low accelerations ⓘ |
| comparedTo | dark matter hypothesis ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Israel ⓘ |
| criticizedFor |
difficulty explaining galaxy clusters without dark matter
ⓘ
tension with some cosmological observations ⓘ |
| field |
astrophysics
ⓘ
cosmology ⓘ gravitational physics ⓘ |
| fullName | Modified Newtonian Dynamics ⓘ |
| hasKeyParameter | a0 ⓘ |
| hasVariant |
AQUAL
ⓘ
TeVeS ⓘ relativistic MOND theories ⓘ |
| influenced | development of relativistic modified gravity theories ⓘ |
| introducesConcept | characteristic acceleration scale a0 ⓘ |
| languageOfOriginalPapers | English ⓘ |
| mainPurpose | explain galaxy rotation curves without dark matter ⓘ |
| predicts |
asymptotically flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies
ⓘ
baryonic Tully–Fisher relation ⓘ tight mass–discrepancy–acceleration relation ⓘ |
| proposedBy | Mordehai Milgrom ⓘ |
| publishedIn |
Astrophysical Journal
ⓘ
linked to:
The Astrophysical Journal
|
| reducesTo | Newtonian dynamics at high accelerations ⓘ |
| regimeOfModification | low-acceleration regime ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
dark matter problem
ⓘ
mass discrepancy problem ⓘ |
| requires | interpolation function between Newtonian and MOND regimes ⓘ |
| status |
controversial
ⓘ
minority view in cosmology ⓘ |
| supportedBy | empirical scaling relations in disk galaxies ⓘ |
| symbolForAccelerationScale | a0 ⓘ |
| testedBy |
galaxy rotation curve observations
ⓘ
gravitational lensing studies ⓘ |
| yearProposed | 1983 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: MOND Description of subject: MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) is an alternative theory of gravity proposed to explain galaxy rotation curves without invoking dark matter.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.