Caesar's crossing of the Adriatic in 48 BC
E794833
Caesar's crossing of the Adriatic in 48 BC was a pivotal maneuver in the Roman civil war in which Julius Caesar ferried his forces from Italy to the Balkans to confront Pompey’s army.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Caesar's crossing of the Adriatic in 48 BC canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9370505 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Caesar's crossing of the Adriatic in 48 BC Context triple: [Battle of Dyrrhachium, precededBy, Caesar's crossing of the Adriatic in 48 BC]
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A.
Constantine’s crossing of the Alps into Italy
Constantine’s crossing of the Alps into Italy was the pivotal early maneuver of his 312 AD campaign against Maxentius, marking the start of his invasion that led to a series of victories and his eventual control of the Western Roman Empire.
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B.
Hannibal's crossing of the Alps
Hannibal's crossing of the Alps was a daring military campaign in 218 BC in which the Carthaginian general led his army, including war elephants, over the Alpine mountains to launch a surprise invasion of Roman Italy.
-
C.
Caesar's campaign in Hispania
Caesar's campaign in Hispania was Julius Caesar’s swift military offensive in the Iberian Peninsula during the Roman Civil War, aimed at defeating Pompeian forces and securing control of the western provinces.
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D.
Constantine the Great’s campaign against Maxentius in northern Italy
Constantine the Great’s campaign against Maxentius in northern Italy was a decisive early phase of the civil war of 312 CE, marked by rapid advances and key victories that paved the way for Constantine’s triumph at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge.
-
E.
defeat of Julius Caesar
The defeat of Julius Caesar refers to the hoped-for but unrealized objective of his political and military opponents, particularly the Pompeian faction, to overthrow his rising dominance in the late Roman Republic.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Caesar's crossing of the Adriatic in 48 BC Target entity description: Caesar's crossing of the Adriatic in 48 BC was a pivotal maneuver in the Roman civil war in which Julius Caesar ferried his forces from Italy to the Balkans to confront Pompey’s army.
-
A.
Constantine’s crossing of the Alps into Italy
Constantine’s crossing of the Alps into Italy was the pivotal early maneuver of his 312 AD campaign against Maxentius, marking the start of his invasion that led to a series of victories and his eventual control of the Western Roman Empire.
-
B.
Hannibal's crossing of the Alps
Hannibal's crossing of the Alps was a daring military campaign in 218 BC in which the Carthaginian general led his army, including war elephants, over the Alpine mountains to launch a surprise invasion of Roman Italy.
-
C.
Caesar's campaign in Hispania
Caesar's campaign in Hispania was Julius Caesar’s swift military offensive in the Iberian Peninsula during the Roman Civil War, aimed at defeating Pompeian forces and securing control of the western provinces.
-
D.
Constantine the Great’s campaign against Maxentius in northern Italy
Constantine the Great’s campaign against Maxentius in northern Italy was a decisive early phase of the civil war of 312 CE, marked by rapid advances and key victories that paved the way for Constantine’s triumph at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge.
-
E.
defeat of Julius Caesar
The defeat of Julius Caesar refers to the hoped-for but unrealized objective of his political and military opponents, particularly the Pompeian faction, to overthrow his rising dominance in the late Roman Republic.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
event in the Roman civil war
ⓘ
military campaign ⓘ military maneuver ⓘ |
| category |
48 BC in the Roman Republic
ⓘ
Naval operations of the Roman Republic ⓘ |
| conflict | Pompeian fleet NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| describedBySource |
Appian
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Julius Caesar NERFINISHED ⓘ Plutarch NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| describedIn | Commentarii de Bello Civili NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Battle of Dyrrhachium
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Battle of Pharsalus NERFINISHED ⓘ Caesar's campaign in Epirus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasCommander | Gaius Julius Caesar NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasLanguageOfPrimarySource | Latin ⓘ |
| hasLanguageOfSecondarySource | Greek ⓘ |
| hasLocation |
Adriatic Sea
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Balkans NERFINISHED ⓘ Dyrrhachium region NERFINISHED ⓘ Epirus NERFINISHED ⓘ Illyria NERFINISHED ⓘ Italy NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasParticipant |
Gaius Julius Caesar
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus NERFINISHED ⓘ Pompeian forces NERFINISHED ⓘ Roman legions loyal to Caesar ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | late Roman Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| involves | Roman Republican naval warfare ⓘ |
| opposedBy |
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Pompeian naval forces ⓘ |
| partOf |
Caesar's Civil War
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Roman civil war of 49–45 BC NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| pointInTime | 48 BC ⓘ |
| precededBy |
Caesar's campaign in Italy in 49–48 BC
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Pompey's withdrawal from Italy ⓘ |
| result |
Caesar established a foothold in the Balkans
ⓘ
Caesar successfully crossed the Adriatic Sea ⓘ |
| riskLevel | high risk due to Pompeian naval superiority ⓘ |
| significance |
enabled Caesar to bring the war to Pompey in the eastern provinces
ⓘ
pivotal maneuver in the Roman civil war ⓘ |
| strategicObjective |
to confront Pompey's main army
ⓘ
to transfer Caesar's army from Italy to the Balkans ⓘ |
| tacticalCharacteristic |
conducted in winter conditions
ⓘ
involved partial and staggered crossings of forces ⓘ relied on speed and surprise ⓘ |
| usedMeans |
Roman warships
ⓘ
transport ships ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Caesar's crossing of the Adriatic in 48 BC Description of subject: Caesar's crossing of the Adriatic in 48 BC was a pivotal maneuver in the Roman civil war in which Julius Caesar ferried his forces from Italy to the Balkans to confront Pompey’s army.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.