Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum
E776672
Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum was a Roman colonia and military stronghold on the lower Danube, in what is now Silistra, Bulgaria.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Colonia Ulpia Durostorum | 1 |
| Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum canonical | 1 |
| Colonia Ulpia Oescus | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9075386 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum Context triple: [Durostorum, hasName, Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum]
-
A.
Colonia Claudia Victricensis
Colonia Claudia Victricensis was a major Roman colonia in Britain, centered on the site of modern Colchester and serving as an early provincial capital and military stronghold.
-
B.
colonia Ulpia Traiana Ratiaria
Colonia Ulpia Traiana Ratiaria was a prominent Roman colonia and military and administrative center on the Danube frontier in the province of Moesia (in present-day Bulgaria).
-
C.
Colonia Iulia Equestris
Colonia Iulia Equestris was a Roman colony founded by Julius Caesar on the site of modern-day Nyon in present-day Switzerland.
-
D.
Colonia Iulia Augusta Philippensis
Colonia Iulia Augusta Philippensis was the Roman imperial colony established at Philippi in Macedonia, notable as a veteran settlement and later an important early Christian center visited by the Apostle Paul.
-
E.
Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium
Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium was the Roman imperial city and military colony that developed into modern-day Cologne, serving as a major urban and administrative center in the province of Germania Inferior.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum Target entity description: Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum was a Roman colonia and military stronghold on the lower Danube, in what is now Silistra, Bulgaria.
-
A.
Colonia Claudia Victricensis
Colonia Claudia Victricensis was a major Roman colonia in Britain, centered on the site of modern Colchester and serving as an early provincial capital and military stronghold.
-
B.
colonia Ulpia Traiana Ratiaria
Colonia Ulpia Traiana Ratiaria was a prominent Roman colonia and military and administrative center on the Danube frontier in the province of Moesia (in present-day Bulgaria).
-
C.
Colonia Iulia Equestris
Colonia Iulia Equestris was a Roman colony founded by Julius Caesar on the site of modern-day Nyon in present-day Switzerland.
-
D.
Colonia Iulia Augusta Philippensis
Colonia Iulia Augusta Philippensis was the Roman imperial colony established at Philippi in Macedonia, notable as a veteran settlement and later an important early Christian center visited by the Apostle Paul.
-
E.
Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium
Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium was the Roman imperial city and military colony that developed into modern-day Cologne, serving as a major urban and administrative center in the province of Germania Inferior.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (25)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Roman colonia
ⓘ
Roman military stronghold ⓘ |
| associatedWith | Roman legions ⓘ |
| borderRegionOf |
Danubian limes
ⓘ
linked to:
Danube limes
|
| culture | Roman ⓘ |
| function |
frontier fortress
ⓘ
urban center ⓘ |
| hasArchaeologicalSite | Silistra archaeological remains ⓘ |
| hasModernLocation |
Silistra, Bulgaria
ⓘ
linked to:
Silistra
|
| hasNameElement |
Durostorum
ⓘ
Oescensium ⓘ
linked to:
Oescus
Ulpia ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Bulgaria
ⓘ
Silistra ⓘ |
| locatedOn |
lower Danube
ⓘ
linked to:
Lower Danube
|
| onWaterway |
Danube River
ⓘ
linked to:
Danube
|
| partOf |
Moesia Inferior
ⓘ
Roman Empire ⓘ |
| predecessorOf | medieval Silistra ⓘ |
| presentDayCountry | Bulgaria ⓘ |
| region | Balkans ⓘ |
| strategicRole | defense of the lower Danube frontier ⓘ |
| timePeriod | Roman Imperial period ⓘ |
| usedAs |
civilian settlement
ⓘ
military base ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum Description of subject: Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum was a Roman colonia and military stronghold on the lower Danube, in what is now Silistra, Bulgaria.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum
linked to: Colonia Ulpia Oescensium Durostorum