Upper March of al-Andalus

Target entity: Upper March of al-Andalus
Context triple: [Abd al-Rahman III, strengthenedControlOver, Upper March of al-Andalus]

• A. Taifas of Al-Andalus
  The Taifas of Al-Andalus were a collection of independent Muslim principalities that emerged on the Iberian Peninsula following the fragmentation of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the 11th century.
• B. Niebla, Al-Andalus
  Niebla, Al-Andalus was a medieval town in Islamic Spain known as a regional center in al-Andalus and historically notable as the place where the scholar Ibn Hazm died.
• C. Taifa of Alpuente
  The Taifa of Alpuente was a small medieval Muslim principality in eastern al-Andalus that emerged after the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba and was later absorbed by larger neighboring powers.
• D. Taifa of Córdoba
  The Taifa of Córdoba was a medieval Muslim principality centered on the city of Córdoba that emerged after the fragmentation of the Caliphate of Córdoba in 11th-century al-Andalus.
• E. Taifa of Mértola
  The Taifa of Mértola was a small medieval Muslim principality centered on the town of Mértola in southern Portugal during the period of fragmented Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Upper March of al-Andalus
Target entity description: The Upper March of al-Andalus was the northern frontier region of Muslim-ruled Iberia, centered around the Ebro Valley, that served as a key military and administrative buffer zone against Christian kingdoms to the north.

• A. Taifas of Al-Andalus
  The Taifas of Al-Andalus were a collection of independent Muslim principalities that emerged on the Iberian Peninsula following the fragmentation of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the 11th century.
• B. Niebla, Al-Andalus
  Niebla, Al-Andalus was a medieval town in Islamic Spain known as a regional center in al-Andalus and historically notable as the place where the scholar Ibn Hazm died.
• C. Taifa of Alpuente
  The Taifa of Alpuente was a small medieval Muslim principality in eastern al-Andalus that emerged after the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba and was later absorbed by larger neighboring powers.
• D. Taifa of Córdoba
  The Taifa of Córdoba was a medieval Muslim principality centered on the city of Córdoba that emerged after the fragmentation of the Caliphate of Córdoba in 11th-century al-Andalus.
• E. Taifa of Mértola
  The Taifa of Mértola was a small medieval Muslim principality centered on the town of Mértola in southern Portugal during the period of fragmented Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula.
• F. None of above. chosen