L’Expiation

E754057

L’Expiation is a major poem by Victor Hugo, included in his collection *Les Châtiments*, that powerfully denounces Napoleon III and reflects on guilt, punishment, and moral reckoning in French history.

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L’Expiation canonical 1

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Statements (46)

Predicate Object
instanceOf literary work
poem
addresses French collective memory of Napoleon I
relationship between power and justice
author Victor Hugo
collectionPublication Les Châtiments
countryOfOrigin France
criticizes Napoleon III
Second French Empire
firstPublicationPlaceOfCollection Brussels
linked to: Brussels, Belgium
form narrative poem
genre lyric poetry
political poetry
satirical poetry
hasAuthorNationality French
hasInfluenced French political poetry
reception of Napoleon I in French literature
includedIn standard editions of Les Châtiments
language French
literaryMovement Romanticism
mainSubject French history
Napoleon I
Napoleon III
Waterloo
guilt
moral reckoning
punishment
meter French alexandrines
notableFor moral and religious imagery
vehement denunciation of Napoleon III
vivid depiction of Waterloo
partOf Les Châtiments
politicalPosition anti–Napoleon III
publicationDate 1853
publisherOfCollection Michel Lévy frères
rhymeScheme regular rhymed couplets
setInEvent Battle of Waterloo
setInPeriod Napoleonic Wars
theme collective guilt
divine justice
downfall of tyrants
historical responsibility
retribution
timeOfContext Second French Empire
workIn Les Châtiments
writtenDuring Victor Hugo’s exile

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Les Châtiments containsPoem L’Expiation