Leishmania donovani
E731212
Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in humans, primarily affecting internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Leishmania donovani canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8357299 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Leishmania donovani Context triple: [Excavata, includesTaxon, Leishmania donovani]
-
A.
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma is a genus of parasitic protozoa best known for causing diseases such as African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease in humans and other animals.
-
B.
Brugia malayi
Brugia malayi is a parasitic roundworm that infects humans and causes lymphatic filariasis, a tropical disease characterized by swelling and damage to the lymphatic system.
-
C.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic filarial nematode that infects the human lymphatic system and is the primary cause of lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) worldwide.
-
D.
Brugia timori
Brugia timori is a parasitic filarial nematode that infects humans and causes timorian filariasis, a form of lymphatic filariasis found primarily in parts of Indonesia.
-
E.
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic blood fluke that infects humans and causes intestinal schistosomiasis, a significant neglected tropical disease.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Leishmania donovani Target entity description: Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in humans, primarily affecting internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
-
A.
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma is a genus of parasitic protozoa best known for causing diseases such as African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease in humans and other animals.
-
B.
Brugia malayi
Brugia malayi is a parasitic roundworm that infects humans and causes lymphatic filariasis, a tropical disease characterized by swelling and damage to the lymphatic system.
-
C.
Wuchereria bancrofti
Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic filarial nematode that infects the human lymphatic system and is the primary cause of lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) worldwide.
-
D.
Brugia timori
Brugia timori is a parasitic filarial nematode that infects humans and causes timorian filariasis, a form of lymphatic filariasis found primarily in parts of Indonesia.
-
E.
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic blood fluke that infects humans and causes intestinal schistosomiasis, a significant neglected tropical disease.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
kinetoplastid
ⓘ
protozoan parasite ⓘ unicellular eukaryote ⓘ |
| affectsOrgan |
bone marrow
ⓘ
liver ⓘ lymph nodes ⓘ spleen ⓘ |
| associatedSymptom |
anemia
ⓘ
hepatosplenomegaly ⓘ pancytopenia ⓘ prolonged fever ⓘ weight loss ⓘ |
| causes |
kala-azar
ⓘ
visceral leishmaniasis ⓘ |
| class | Kinetoplastea ⓘ |
| diagnosticMethod |
PCR
ⓘ
bone marrow aspirate microscopy ⓘ serology ⓘ splenic aspirate microscopy ⓘ |
| diseaseType | systemic infection ⓘ |
| domain |
Eukaryota
ⓘ
linked to:
Eukarya
|
| drugResistanceConcern | antimonial drugs ⓘ |
| drugSusceptibility |
amphotericin B
ⓘ
liposomal amphotericin B ⓘ miltefosine ⓘ paromomycin ⓘ |
| family | Trypanosomatidae ⓘ |
| firstDescribedAsPathogenOf | visceral leishmaniasis in India ⓘ |
| genus | Leishmania ⓘ |
| geographicDistribution |
East Africa
ⓘ
Indian subcontinent ⓘ
linked to:
South Asia
Mediterranean region ⓘ |
| hasOrganelle | kinetoplast ⓘ |
| host |
dog
ⓘ
human ⓘ other mammals ⓘ |
| lifeCycleStage |
amastigote
ⓘ
promastigote ⓘ |
| locationInHost |
macrophages
ⓘ
reticuloendothelial system ⓘ |
| locationInVector | midgut of sandfly ⓘ |
| order | Trypanosomatida ⓘ |
| phylum | Euglenozoa ⓘ |
| reproduction |
asexual reproduction in vertebrate host
ⓘ
sexual or genetic exchange in sandfly vector ⓘ |
| taxonRank | species ⓘ |
| transmissionCycle |
anthroponotic in Indian subcontinent
ⓘ
zoonotic in some regions ⓘ |
| transmissionRoute | sandfly bite ⓘ |
| vector | Phlebotomus sandflies ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Leishmania donovani Description of subject: Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in humans, primarily affecting internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.