NSDD-189 National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical and Engineering Information
E720621
NSDD-189 is a Reagan-era U.S. national security directive that defines and protects the concept of “fundamental research” by stating that its results should remain unrestricted and openly publishable to the maximum extent possible.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| NSDD-189 National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical and Engineering Information canonical | 1 |
| U.S. National Disclosure Policy | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8231807 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: NSDD-189 National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical and Engineering Information Context triple: [National Security Decision Directives of the Reagan administration, hasPart, NSDD-189 National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical and Engineering Information]
-
A.
Presidential Policy Directive 21
Presidential Policy Directive 21 is a U.S. directive that establishes national policy for strengthening the security and resilience of critical infrastructure against physical and cyber threats.
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B.
Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986
The Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 is a U.S. law that strengthened and formalized the process for federal laboratories to collaborate with industry and transfer government-developed technologies into the private sector.
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C.
Presidential Policy Directive 8
Presidential Policy Directive 8 is a U.S. presidential directive that establishes the national framework and priorities for strengthening preparedness and resilience against threats and hazards.
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D.
National Security Council Intelligence Directive 9
National Security Council Intelligence Directive 9 is a Cold War–era U.S. policy directive that established and governed the centralized coordination of signals intelligence activities, forming a key part of the legal framework for the National Security Agency’s operations.
-
E.
Executive Order 13526
Executive Order 13526 is a U.S. presidential directive that establishes the modern system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: NSDD-189 National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical and Engineering Information Target entity description: NSDD-189 is a Reagan-era U.S. national security directive that defines and protects the concept of “fundamental research” by stating that its results should remain unrestricted and openly publishable to the maximum extent possible.
-
A.
Presidential Policy Directive 21
Presidential Policy Directive 21 is a U.S. directive that establishes national policy for strengthening the security and resilience of critical infrastructure against physical and cyber threats.
-
B.
Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986
The Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 is a U.S. law that strengthened and formalized the process for federal laboratories to collaborate with industry and transfer government-developed technologies into the private sector.
-
C.
Presidential Policy Directive 8
Presidential Policy Directive 8 is a U.S. presidential directive that establishes the national framework and priorities for strengthening preparedness and resilience against threats and hazards.
-
D.
National Security Council Intelligence Directive 9
National Security Council Intelligence Directive 9 is a Cold War–era U.S. policy directive that established and governed the centralized coordination of signals intelligence activities, forming a key part of the legal framework for the National Security Agency’s operations.
-
E.
Executive Order 13526
Executive Order 13526 is a U.S. presidential directive that establishes the modern system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
U.S. federal policy document
ⓘ
United States national security directive ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
NSDD-189
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
National Security Decision Directive 189 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
engineering information
ⓘ
federally funded fundamental research ⓘ fundamental research at U.S. laboratories ⓘ fundamental research at U.S. universities ⓘ scientific information ⓘ technical information ⓘ |
| citationContext | guidance on whether research results are subject to export controls ⓘ |
| corePrinciple |
fundamental research should normally be excluded from export control restrictions
ⓘ
national security controls on information should be applied through classification ⓘ results of fundamental research should be openly publishable to the maximum extent possible ⓘ results of fundamental research should remain unrestricted ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| definesConcept | fundamental research ⓘ |
| goal |
balance national security with open scientific communication
ⓘ
provide a uniform U.S. policy on the transfer of fundamental research results ⓘ |
| impact |
limits use of contractual publication restrictions on fundamental research
ⓘ
reinforces open publication norms in basic research ⓘ |
| influences |
U.S. university research policies
ⓘ
federal agency treatment of fundamental research ⓘ |
| issuedBy |
President of the United States
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Ronald Reagan administration NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| legalStatus | unclassified directive ⓘ |
| policyArea |
academic freedom
ⓘ
export control ⓘ national security ⓘ scientific research ⓘ technology transfer ⓘ |
| protects |
academic freedom in research publication
ⓘ
openness in basic scientific research ⓘ |
| recognizedBy |
U.S. Department of Defense
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
U.S. Department of Energy NERFINISHED ⓘ other U.S. federal research agencies ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Export Administration Regulations
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
International Traffic in Arms Regulations NERFINISHED ⓘ U.S. export control regulations ⓘ |
| signedBy | Ronald Reagan ⓘ |
| statesThat |
to the maximum extent possible, the products of fundamental research should remain unrestricted
ⓘ
where national security requires control, classification is the appropriate mechanism ⓘ |
| subjectOf | U.S. federal guidance on university research security ⓘ |
| timePeriod | Reagan administration NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| topic |
distinction between fundamental research and controlled research
ⓘ
transfer of scientific information to foreign nationals ⓘ |
| usedBy |
U.S. research universities
ⓘ
federal research agencies ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: NSDD-189 National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical and Engineering Information Description of subject: NSDD-189 is a Reagan-era U.S. national security directive that defines and protects the concept of “fundamental research” by stating that its results should remain unrestricted and openly publishable to the maximum extent possible.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
National Security Decision Directives of the Reagan administration
→
hasPart
→
NSDD-189 National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical and Engineering Information
ⓘ
FMS
→
governedBy
→
NSDD-189 National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical and Engineering Information
ⓘ
subject surface form:
Foreign Military Sales
this entity surface form:
U.S. National Disclosure Policy