charm quark
E674925
The charm quark is a second-generation elementary particle with electric charge +2/3, playing a key role in the structure of hadrons and in understanding flavor physics and weak interactions in the Standard Model.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| charm quark canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7600601 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: charm quark Context triple: [quark model, laterExtendedToQuarkFlavors, charm quark]
-
A.
Charmentray
Charmentray is a small French commune located in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
-
B.
Charms
Charms is a core magical subject at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry that teaches students how to cast spells to alter objects and the environment without transforming their inherent nature.
-
C.
Charmcaster
Charmcaster is a recurring villain and powerful magic-wielding sorceress in the Ben 10 animated franchise.
-
D.
Chud
Chud refers to a Finnic-speaking indigenous people historically inhabiting parts of northwestern Russia and the eastern Baltic region, often mentioned in early East Slavic chronicles.
-
E.
Che
Che is a central, narrating revolutionary figure in the musical "Evita," often portrayed as a commentator on Eva Perón’s life and legacy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: charm quark Target entity description: The charm quark is a second-generation elementary particle with electric charge +2/3, playing a key role in the structure of hadrons and in understanding flavor physics and weak interactions in the Standard Model.
-
A.
Charmentray
Charmentray is a small French commune located in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
-
B.
Charms
Charms is a core magical subject at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry that teaches students how to cast spells to alter objects and the environment without transforming their inherent nature.
-
C.
Charmcaster
Charmcaster is a recurring villain and powerful magic-wielding sorceress in the Ben 10 animated franchise.
-
D.
Chud
Chud refers to a Finnic-speaking indigenous people historically inhabiting parts of northwestern Russia and the eastern Baltic region, often mentioned in early East Slavic chronicles.
-
E.
Che
Che is a central, narrating revolutionary figure in the musical "Evita," often portrayed as a commentator on Eva Perón’s life and legacy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (65)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
elementary particle
ⓘ
quark ⓘ second-generation quark ⓘ |
| antiparticle | anticharm quark ⓘ |
| associatedBaryon |
Λ_c baryon
ⓘ
Ξ_c baryon ⓘ Ω_c baryon ⓘ |
| associatedMeson |
D meson
ⓘ
D_s meson ⓘ
linked to:
D meson
J/ψ meson ⓘ |
| baryonNumber | +1/3 ⓘ |
| belongsToFamily | up-type quarks ⓘ |
| canTransformInto |
bottom quark (via higher-order processes)
ⓘ
down quark ⓘ strange quark ⓘ |
| CKMMatrixElement |
V_cb
ⓘ
V_cd ⓘ V_cs ⓘ |
| colorCharge | quantum chromodynamics color charge ⓘ |
| confinementProperty | cannot be isolated as a free particle at low energies ⓘ |
| decaysVia |
W boson emission
ⓘ
charged weak current ⓘ |
| discoveredBy |
Burton Richter
ⓘ
Samuel C. C. Ting ⓘ |
| discoveryEvent | November Revolution ⓘ |
| discoveryFacility |
Brookhaven National Laboratory
ⓘ
SLAC ⓘ
linked to:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
|
| discoveryMethod | electron–positron annihilation experiments ⓘ |
| discoveryYear | 1974 ⓘ |
| electricCharge |
+2/3 e
ⓘ
0.6666667 e ⓘ |
| flavorQuantumNumber | charmness +1 ⓘ |
| formsBoundStatesWith |
anticharm quark
ⓘ
bottom quark ⓘ charm quark ⓘ down quark ⓘ strange quark ⓘ up quark ⓘ |
| formsHadrons |
charmed baryons
ⓘ
charmed mesons ⓘ
linked to:
D meson
|
| gaugeGroupRepresentation |
doublet of SU(2)_L (with strange quark)
ⓘ
triplet of SU(3)_color ⓘ |
| generation | second generation ⓘ |
| helicityStates |
left-handed
ⓘ
right-handed ⓘ |
| interaction |
electromagnetic interaction
ⓘ
gravitational interaction ⓘ strong interaction ⓘ weak interaction ⓘ |
| leptonNumber | 0 ⓘ |
| mass | about 1.27 GeV/c^2 ⓘ |
| massScheme | MS-bar scheme at 2 GeV ⓘ |
| namedAfter | charm quantum number ⓘ |
| partOf |
Standard Model of particle physics
ⓘ
linked to:
Standard Model
second quark generation ⓘ |
| PDGParticleID | 4 ⓘ |
| roleInCosmology | relevant in early-universe high-temperature plasma ⓘ |
| roleInPhysics |
CP violation studies
ⓘ
flavor physics ⓘ tests of the Standard Model ⓘ |
| spin | 1/2 ⓘ |
| statistics | Fermi–Dirac statistics ⓘ |
| symbol | c ⓘ |
| weakHypercharge | +1/3 (left-handed doublet) ⓘ |
| weakIsospin | +1/2 (left-handed component) ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: charm quark Description of subject: The charm quark is a second-generation elementary particle with electric charge +2/3, playing a key role in the structure of hadrons and in understanding flavor physics and weak interactions in the Standard Model.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.