Ward v. Rock Against Racism
E666863
Ward v. Rock Against Racism is a landmark 1989 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld government regulation of the time, place, and manner of speech in public forums, particularly regarding sound amplification at public events.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Ward v. Rock Against Racism canonical | 1 |
| Ward, Commissioner of Parks and Recreation of the City of New York, et al. v. Rock Against Racism et al. | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7476255 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ward v. Rock Against Racism Context triple: [Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence, relatedCase, Ward v. Rock Against Racism]
-
A.
Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence is a 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld restrictions on symbolic protest camping in public parks, clarifying the limits of expressive conduct protections under the First Amendment.
-
B.
S.S. Wimbledon case
The S.S. Wimbledon case was a landmark 1923 decision of the Permanent Court of International Justice that clarified the limits of state sovereignty under international treaty obligations, particularly regarding freedom of navigation through the Kiel Canal.
-
C.
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
-
D.
Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham
Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court struck down a city ordinance that gave officials broad discretion to deny parade permits, reinforcing First Amendment protections for civil rights demonstrators.
-
E.
Cooley v. Board of Wardens
Cooley v. Board of Wardens is an 1852 U.S. Supreme Court decision that helped define the scope of the Commerce Clause by allowing states to regulate certain local aspects of commerce, such as port pilotage, without violating federal authority.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ward v. Rock Against Racism Target entity description: Ward v. Rock Against Racism is a landmark 1989 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld government regulation of the time, place, and manner of speech in public forums, particularly regarding sound amplification at public events.
-
A.
Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence
Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence is a 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld restrictions on symbolic protest camping in public parks, clarifying the limits of expressive conduct protections under the First Amendment.
-
B.
S.S. Wimbledon case
The S.S. Wimbledon case was a landmark 1923 decision of the Permanent Court of International Justice that clarified the limits of state sovereignty under international treaty obligations, particularly regarding freedom of navigation through the Kiel Canal.
-
C.
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
-
D.
Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham
Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court struck down a city ordinance that gave officials broad discretion to deny parade permits, reinforcing First Amendment protections for civil rights demonstrators.
-
E.
Cooley v. Board of Wardens
Cooley v. Board of Wardens is an 1852 U.S. Supreme Court decision that helped define the scope of the Commerce Clause by allowing states to regulate certain local aspects of commerce, such as port pilotage, without violating federal authority.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
landmark First Amendment case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
First Amendment law
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ freedom of expression ⓘ |
| citation | 491 U.S. 781 ⓘ |
| concurrenceBy | Harry A. Blackmun ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted | First Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1989-06-22 ⓘ |
| dissentBy |
Thurgood Marshall
ⓘ
William J. Brennan Jr. ⓘ |
| dissentJoiner | John Paul Stevens ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 88-600 ⓘ |
| fullCaseName |
Ward, Commissioner of Parks and Recreation of the City of New York, et al. v. Rock Against Racism et al.
ⓘ
linked to:
Ward v. Rock Against Racism
|
| governmentInterest |
controlling excessive noise levels
ⓘ
ensuring sound quality at concerts ⓘ protecting nearby residents from noise ⓘ |
| holding |
Content-neutral time, place, and manner regulations are valid if they are narrowly tailored to serve a significant governmental interest and leave open ample alternative channels for communication of the information.
ⓘ
New York City’s sound-amplification guidelines for Central Park concerts did not violate the First Amendment. ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| legalIssue |
First Amendment freedom of speech
ⓘ
content-neutral regulation of speech ⓘ public forum doctrine ⓘ time, place, and manner restrictions ⓘ |
| locationOfEvents |
Central Park, New York City
ⓘ
linked to:
Central Park (New York City)
|
| majorityJoiner |
Antonin Scalia
ⓘ
Byron R. White ⓘ John Paul Stevens ⓘ Sandra Day O’Connor ⓘ William H. Rehnquist ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Anthony M. Kennedy ⓘ |
| pageInUnitedStatesReports | 781 ⓘ |
| petitioner | New York City Department of Parks and Recreation ⓘ |
| precedentStatus | binding precedent in U.S. federal courts ⓘ |
| publicForumType | traditional public forum ⓘ |
| regulatingAuthority |
City of New York
ⓘ
linked to:
New York City
|
| regulationSubject | sound amplification at public concerts ⓘ |
| regulationType | time, place, and manner restriction ⓘ |
| respondent |
Rock Against Racism
ⓘ
linked to:
Rock Against Racism Carnival 1978
|
| ruleAnnounced | Narrow tailoring does not require the least restrictive or least intrusive means of serving the government’s interest for content-neutral time, place, and manner regulations. ⓘ |
| speechContext | music concerts in a public park ⓘ |
| standardApplied | intermediate scrutiny ⓘ |
| subsequentCitationAsPrecedentFor |
content-neutral speech regulations
ⓘ
government regulation of sound amplification ⓘ |
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports | 491 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1989 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Ward v. Rock Against Racism Description of subject: Ward v. Rock Against Racism is a landmark 1989 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld government regulation of the time, place, and manner of speech in public forums, particularly regarding sound amplification at public events.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Ward v. Rock Against Racism
→
fullCaseName
→
Ward, Commissioner of Parks and Recreation of the City of New York, et al. v. Rock Against Racism et al.
ⓘ
linked to: Ward v. Rock Against Racism