Tula archaeological site

E632087

ancient city archaeological site pre-Columbian Mesoamerican city

Tula archaeological site is an important pre-Columbian Mesoamerican city in central Mexico, known as the Toltec capital featuring monumental pyramids, warrior columns, and other significant ruins.

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All labels observed (7)

Label	Occurrences
Tula archaeological zone	6
Tula archaeological site canonical	5
ancient city of Tula	2
Ballcourts of Tula	1
Tula ceremonial center	1
Zona arqueológica de Tula	1
archaeological site of Tula	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6932341 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Tula archaeological site
Context triple: [Pyramid B at Tula, partOf, Tula archaeological site]

A. Tayasal archaeological site
Tayasal archaeological site is an ancient Itza Maya center in present-day Guatemala, notable as one of the last strongholds of independent Maya civilization before Spanish conquest.
B. Atzompa archaeological site
The Atzompa archaeological site is a pre-Hispanic Zapotec settlement and satellite center of Monte Albán located in the Oaxaca Valley of southern Mexico.
C. Tulor archaeological site
The Tulor archaeological site is an ancient pre-Columbian village complex in northern Chile’s Atacama Desert, notable for its well-preserved circular adobe structures and insight into early Atacameño culture.
D. Cuauhtinchan archaeological site
The Cuauhtinchan archaeological site is a pre-Hispanic rock-cut temple complex at Malinalco, Mexico, renowned for its intricately carved ceremonial structures associated with Aztec military and religious practices.
E. Kotosh archaeological site
Kotosh archaeological site is an ancient ceremonial complex in Peru known for its early temple architecture and distinctive "Temple of the Crossed Hands."
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Tula archaeological site
Target entity description: Tula archaeological site is an important pre-Columbian Mesoamerican city in central Mexico, known as the Toltec capital featuring monumental pyramids, warrior columns, and other significant ruins.

A. Tayasal archaeological site
Tayasal archaeological site is an ancient Itza Maya center in present-day Guatemala, notable as one of the last strongholds of independent Maya civilization before Spanish conquest.
B. Atzompa archaeological site
The Atzompa archaeological site is a pre-Hispanic Zapotec settlement and satellite center of Monte Albán located in the Oaxaca Valley of southern Mexico.
C. Tulor archaeological site
The Tulor archaeological site is an ancient pre-Columbian village complex in northern Chile’s Atacama Desert, notable for its well-preserved circular adobe structures and insight into early Atacameño culture.
D. Cuauhtinchan archaeological site
The Cuauhtinchan archaeological site is a pre-Hispanic rock-cut temple complex at Malinalco, Mexico, renowned for its intricately carved ceremonial structures associated with Aztec military and religious practices.
E. Kotosh archaeological site
Kotosh archaeological site is an ancient ceremonial complex in Peru known for its early temple architecture and distinctive "Temple of the Crossed Hands."
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	ancient city ⓘ archaeological site ⓘ pre-Columbian Mesoamerican city ⓘ
architecturalFeature	pillared halls ⓘ serpent wall ⓘ stepped pyramids ⓘ
architecturalStyle	Toltec style ⓘ
associatedWith	Quetzalcoatl ⓘ Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl ⓘ
capitalOf	Toltec civilization ⓘ
country	Mexico ⓘ
culture	Toltec civilization ⓘ
distanceFrom	about 70 kilometers northwest of Mexico City ⓘ
excavatedBy	Mexican archaeologists ⓘ
hasPart	Atlantean warrior columns ⓘ Pyramid B ⓘ Temple of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli ⓘ ballcourts ⓘ burnt palace ⓘ ceremonial center ⓘ coatepantli ⓘ colonnaded halls ⓘ palatial complex ⓘ pyramidal platforms ⓘ residential zones ⓘ
heritageStatus	important national heritage site of Mexico ⓘ
influenced	Chichen Itza ⓘ linked to: Chichén Itzá Tenochtitlan ⓘ
knownFor	Toltec art and architecture ⓘ influence on later Mesoamerican cities ⓘ monumental pyramids ⓘ warrior columns ⓘ
locatedIn	Hidalgo ⓘ Tula de Allende ⓘ central Mexico ⓘ
mainDeity	Quetzalcoatl ⓘ Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli ⓘ
materialCulture	basalt sculptures ⓘ polychrome murals ⓘ relief carvings ⓘ
near	modern city of Tula de Allende ⓘ
openToPublic	true ⓘ
peakPeriod	10th century ⓘ 11th century ⓘ
region	Mesoamerica ⓘ
religion	Mesoamerican polytheism ⓘ
timeOfFlourishing	Early Postclassic period ⓘ

How these facts were elicited