Gibbons–Hawking temperature
E57424
The Gibbons–Hawking temperature is the characteristic thermal radiation temperature associated with the cosmological horizon of de Sitter space, analogous to the Hawking temperature of black holes.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Gibbons–Hawking temperature canonical | 2 |
| Gibbons–Hawking effect | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T461806 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gibbons–Hawking temperature Context triple: [de Sitter spacetime, hasTemperature, Gibbons–Hawking temperature]
-
A.
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is the thermodynamic entropy associated with a black hole, proportional to the area of its event horizon and fundamental in linking gravity, quantum theory, and thermodynamics.
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B.
Hawking radiation
Hawking radiation is the theoretical blackbody radiation predicted to be emitted by black holes due to quantum effects near the event horizon, causing them to lose mass and eventually evaporate.
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C.
Bekenstein bound
The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
-
D.
Bardeen black hole model
The Bardeen black hole model is a theoretical proposal of a regular (non-singular) black hole solution in general relativity that avoids the central singularity by coupling gravity to nonlinear electrodynamics.
-
E.
Schwarzschild–Milne equations
The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gibbons–Hawking temperature Target entity description: The Gibbons–Hawking temperature is the characteristic thermal radiation temperature associated with the cosmological horizon of de Sitter space, analogous to the Hawking temperature of black holes.
-
A.
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is the thermodynamic entropy associated with a black hole, proportional to the area of its event horizon and fundamental in linking gravity, quantum theory, and thermodynamics.
-
B.
Hawking radiation
Hawking radiation is the theoretical blackbody radiation predicted to be emitted by black holes due to quantum effects near the event horizon, causing them to lose mass and eventually evaporate.
-
C.
Bekenstein bound
The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
-
D.
Bardeen black hole model
The Bardeen black hole model is a theoretical proposal of a regular (non-singular) black hole solution in general relativity that avoids the central singularity by coupling gravity to nonlinear electrodynamics.
-
E.
Schwarzschild–Milne equations
The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
gravitational phenomenon
ⓘ
physical quantity ⓘ quantum field theory effect ⓘ thermodynamic temperature ⓘ |
| analogousTo |
Hawking radiation
ⓘ
surface form:
Hawking temperature
|
| appearsIn |
semiclassical gravity calculations
ⓘ
studies of de Sitter vacuum structure ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
de Sitter spacetime
ⓘ
surface form:
de Sitter space
spacetimes with cosmological horizon ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
cosmological event horizon
ⓘ
de Sitter spacetime ⓘ
surface form:
de Sitter horizon
vacuum fluctuations in curved spacetime ⓘ |
| characterizes | thermal spectrum seen by inertial observers in de Sitter space ⓘ |
| conceptualRole |
extends black hole thermodynamics to cosmological horizons
ⓘ
links cosmological constant to thermodynamic properties ⓘ |
| consequenceOf |
presence of a cosmological horizon
ⓘ
vacuum state being thermal for static observers ⓘ |
| dependsOn |
k_B
ⓘ
surface form:
Boltzmann constant k_B
Hubble parameter H in de Sitter space ⓘ Planck constant ħ ⓘ cosmological constant Λ ⓘ |
| derivedUsing |
periodicity in imaginary time
ⓘ
quantum field theory on de Sitter background ⓘ |
| describes | thermal radiation of the cosmological horizon ⓘ |
| field |
black hole thermodynamics
ⓘ
cosmology ⓘ general relativity ⓘ quantum field theory in curved spacetime ⓘ |
| hasFormula | T = \frac{\hbar H}{2\pi k_B} ⓘ |
| implies | de Sitter horizon has entropy ⓘ |
| introducedInContextOf |
Euclidean quantum gravity
ⓘ
path integral formulation of gravity ⓘ |
| isNonzeroWhen | cosmological constant is positive ⓘ |
| isZeroWhen | cosmological constant is zero ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Gary W. Gibbons
ⓘ
Stephen Hawking ⓘ
surface form:
Stephen W. Hawking
|
| observerDependent | yes ⓘ |
| orderOfMagnitudeInOurUniverse | extremely small compared to CMB temperature ⓘ |
| predicts | cosmological horizon emits blackbody radiation ⓘ |
| relatedFormula | T = \frac{\hbar}{2\pi k_B} \sqrt{\frac{\Lambda}{3}} ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy
ⓘ
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy ⓘ
surface form:
Gibbons–Hawking entropy
Hawking radiation ⓘ Unruh effect ⓘ |
| relevantFor |
de Sitter phase of the early universe
ⓘ
inflationary cosmology ⓘ late-time de Sitter expansion with dark energy ⓘ |
| unit | kelvin ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Gibbons–Hawking temperature Description of subject: The Gibbons–Hawking temperature is the characteristic thermal radiation temperature associated with the cosmological horizon of de Sitter space, analogous to the Hawking temperature of black holes.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Gibbons–Hawking effect