Early Middle Japanese
E570527
Early Middle Japanese is the historical stage of the Japanese language used roughly from the late 8th to the 12th century, marked by significant phonological and grammatical changes and documented in early Heian-period literature.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Early Middle Japanese canonical | 2 |
| Middle Japanese | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6124569 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Early Middle Japanese Context triple: [Old Japanese, precedes, Early Middle Japanese]
-
A.
Late Middle Japanese
Late Middle Japanese is a historical stage of the Japanese language, spoken roughly between the 12th and 16th centuries, that marks the transition from Old Japanese to Early Modern Japanese in phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.
-
B.
Early Modern Japanese
Early Modern Japanese is the historical stage of the Japanese language used roughly from the 17th to the mid-19th century, characterized by the linguistic forms found in Edo-period literature and the transition toward modern Japanese.
-
C.
Heian period
The Heian period was a classical era of Japanese history (794–1185) marked by an imperial court-centered culture, flourishing literature such as The Tale of Genji, and the development of a distinct Japanese aesthetic.
-
D.
Old Japanese
Old Japanese is the earliest attested stage of the Japanese language, recorded in texts from roughly the 8th century and foundational to the later development of Japanese and related languages.
-
E.
Yamato period
The Yamato period was an early era of Japanese history (roughly 3rd to 7th century) marked by the political consolidation of the Yamato clan, the emergence of a centralized state, and the introduction of Buddhism and Chinese cultural influences.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Early Middle Japanese Target entity description: Early Middle Japanese is the historical stage of the Japanese language used roughly from the late 8th to the 12th century, marked by significant phonological and grammatical changes and documented in early Heian-period literature.
-
A.
Late Middle Japanese
Late Middle Japanese is a historical stage of the Japanese language, spoken roughly between the 12th and 16th centuries, that marks the transition from Old Japanese to Early Modern Japanese in phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.
-
B.
Early Modern Japanese
Early Modern Japanese is the historical stage of the Japanese language used roughly from the 17th to the mid-19th century, characterized by the linguistic forms found in Edo-period literature and the transition toward modern Japanese.
-
C.
Heian period
The Heian period was a classical era of Japanese history (794–1185) marked by an imperial court-centered culture, flourishing literature such as The Tale of Genji, and the development of a distinct Japanese aesthetic.
-
D.
Old Japanese
Old Japanese is the earliest attested stage of the Japanese language, recorded in texts from roughly the 8th century and foundational to the later development of Japanese and related languages.
-
E.
Yamato period
The Yamato period was an early era of Japanese history (roughly 3rd to 7th century) marked by the political consolidation of the Yamato clan, the emergence of a centralized state, and the introduction of Buddhism and Chinese cultural influences.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
historical stage of the Japanese language
ⓘ
language variety ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | early Heian Japanese ⓘ |
| associatedWithEra |
early Heian period
ⓘ
late Heian period ⓘ mid Heian period ⓘ
linked to:
Heian period
|
| documentedIn |
Gosen Wakashū
ⓘ
Ise Monogatari ⓘ Kagerō Nikki ⓘ Kokin Wakashū ⓘ Makura no Sōshi ⓘ Shūi Wakashū ⓘ The Tale of Genji ⓘ Tosa Nikki ⓘ |
| follows | Old Japanese ⓘ |
| hasFeature |
changes in case particle system
ⓘ
changes in verb conjugation patterns ⓘ development of auxiliary verbs ⓘ development of kana syllabaries ⓘ emergence of honorific and humble verb forms ⓘ increased use of Chinese loanwords ⓘ increased use of periphrastic constructions ⓘ loss or merger of some Old Japanese phonemic distinctions ⓘ significant grammatical change from Old Japanese ⓘ significant phonological change from Old Japanese ⓘ |
| hasScriptDevelopment | transition from man’yōgana to hiragana and katakana ⓘ |
| influenced |
Classical Japanese
ⓘ
Late Middle Japanese ⓘ |
| influencedBy | Classical Chinese ⓘ |
| languageFamily | Japonic languages ⓘ |
| mainlyUsedBy | Heian court aristocracy ⓘ |
| mainlyUsedInGenre |
court diaries
ⓘ
monogatari prose ⓘ waka poetry ⓘ |
| partOf | history of the Japanese language ⓘ |
| precedes | Late Middle Japanese ⓘ |
| standardVarietyBasedIn |
Heian-kyō
ⓘ
linked to:
Kyoto
|
| studiedInField |
historical Japanese linguistics
ⓘ
philology ⓘ |
| timeSpanEnd | 12th century ⓘ |
| timeSpanStart | late 8th century ⓘ |
| usedInPeriod |
10th century
ⓘ
11th century ⓘ 12th century ⓘ 9th century ⓘ late 8th century ⓘ |
| usedInRegion | Japan ⓘ |
| writingSystem |
Chinese characters
ⓘ
Man’yōgana ⓘ
linked to:
Man'yōgana
early kana ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Early Middle Japanese Description of subject: Early Middle Japanese is the historical stage of the Japanese language used roughly from the late 8th to the 12th century, marked by significant phonological and grammatical changes and documented in early Heian-period literature.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.