Codex Hammer
E545123
Codex Hammer is a famous scientific notebook by Leonardo da Vinci, renowned for its detailed studies of astronomy, geology, and the properties of water.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Codex Hammer canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5735142 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Codex Hammer Context triple: [Codex Leicester, alsoKnownAs, Codex Hammer]
-
A.
Codex
Codex is an AI system developed by OpenAI that translates natural language into code and powers tools like GitHub Copilot.
-
B.
Codex Euricianus
The Codex Euricianus is one of the earliest known Germanic law codes, issued by the Visigothic king Euric in the late 5th century to regulate relations between Goths and Romans.
-
C.
Codex Argenteus
Codex Argenteus is a 6th-century illuminated manuscript containing a major portion of the Gothic translation of the Bible, renowned for its silver and gold ink on purple parchment.
-
D.
Nowell Codex
The Nowell Codex is the late 10th–early 11th century Old English manuscript best known for preserving the only surviving copy of the epic poem Beowulf, along with several other important prose and poetic texts.
-
E.
Catholicon
The Catholicon is the large central nave and main Greek Orthodox worship space within Jerusalem’s Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Codex Hammer Target entity description: Codex Hammer is a famous scientific notebook by Leonardo da Vinci, renowned for its detailed studies of astronomy, geology, and the properties of water.
-
A.
Codex
Codex is an AI system developed by OpenAI that translates natural language into code and powers tools like GitHub Copilot.
-
B.
Codex Euricianus
The Codex Euricianus is one of the earliest known Germanic law codes, issued by the Visigothic king Euric in the late 5th century to regulate relations between Goths and Romans.
-
C.
Codex Argenteus
Codex Argenteus is a 6th-century illuminated manuscript containing a major portion of the Gothic translation of the Bible, renowned for its silver and gold ink on purple parchment.
-
D.
Nowell Codex
The Nowell Codex is the late 10th–early 11th century Old English manuscript best known for preserving the only surviving copy of the epic poem Beowulf, along with several other important prose and poetic texts.
-
E.
Catholicon
The Catholicon is the large central nave and main Greek Orthodox worship space within Jerusalem’s Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
codex
ⓘ
manuscript ⓘ scientific notebook ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Codex Leicester
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Leicester Codex NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| author | Leonardo da Vinci NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| contains |
drawings
ⓘ
handwritten notes ⓘ scientific diagrams ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Italy ⓘ |
| creatorOccupation |
artist
ⓘ
engineer ⓘ polymath ⓘ scientist ⓘ |
| dateWritten | circa 1506–1510 ⓘ |
| exhibitedAt | various museums worldwide ⓘ |
| explains |
reflection of light by the Moon
ⓘ
why the Moon appears luminous ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
erosion
ⓘ
fossils ⓘ lunar light ⓘ movement of water ⓘ origin of springs ⓘ structure of the cosmos ⓘ |
| hasSignificance |
important source for study of Leonardo da Vinci's scientific thought
ⓘ
major document in history of science ⓘ |
| language | Italian ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
astronomy
ⓘ
cosmology ⓘ geology ⓘ hydrodynamics ⓘ paleontology ⓘ properties of water ⓘ |
| material | paper ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Armand Hammer
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Leicester family NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| numberOfPages | 72 ⓘ |
| ownedBy |
Armand Hammer
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Bill Gates NERFINISHED ⓘ Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOf | Leonardo da Vinci's scientific notebooks NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| physicalFormat | bound notebook ⓘ |
| purchasePrice | 30.8 million US dollars ⓘ |
| purchaseYear | 1994 ⓘ |
| record | most expensive book or manuscript sold at auction at time of 1994 sale ⓘ |
| script | mirror writing ⓘ |
| writingSystem | Italian cursive script ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Codex Hammer Description of subject: Codex Hammer is a famous scientific notebook by Leonardo da Vinci, renowned for its detailed studies of astronomy, geology, and the properties of water.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.