Session Traversal Utilities for NAT
E543994
Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a network protocol that enables devices behind Network Address Translators (NATs) to discover their public IP address and port mappings to facilitate real-time communication over the internet.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5767967 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT Context triple: [Traversal Using Relays around NAT, relatedTo, Session Traversal Utilities for NAT]
-
A.
NAT-T
NAT-T (NAT Traversal) is an IPsec extension that enables VPN traffic to pass through Network Address Translation devices by encapsulating IPsec packets in UDP.
-
B.
Traversal Using Relays around NAT
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a network protocol that enables devices behind firewalls or NATs to communicate by relaying their traffic through an intermediate server.
-
C.
NAT and firewall traversal requirements for WebRTC
NAT and firewall traversal requirements for WebRTC are the standardized technical guidelines that ensure WebRTC media and data can reliably pass through network address translators and firewalls in real-world internet deployments.
-
D.
RFC 3551
RFC 3551 is an IETF standard that specifies the audio and video profile for the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), including default payload formats and parameter assignments for real-time multimedia communication.
-
E.
NAT64
NAT64 is a network address translation mechanism that enables IPv6-only clients to communicate with IPv4 servers by translating between the two protocol address spaces and packet formats.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT Target entity description: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a network protocol that enables devices behind Network Address Translators (NATs) to discover their public IP address and port mappings to facilitate real-time communication over the internet.
-
A.
NAT-T
NAT-T (NAT Traversal) is an IPsec extension that enables VPN traffic to pass through Network Address Translation devices by encapsulating IPsec packets in UDP.
-
B.
Traversal Using Relays around NAT
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a network protocol that enables devices behind firewalls or NATs to communicate by relaying their traffic through an intermediate server.
-
C.
NAT and firewall traversal requirements for WebRTC
NAT and firewall traversal requirements for WebRTC are the standardized technical guidelines that ensure WebRTC media and data can reliably pass through network address translators and firewalls in real-world internet deployments.
-
D.
RFC 3551
RFC 3551 is an IETF standard that specifies the audio and video profile for the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), including default payload formats and parameter assignments for real-time multimedia communication.
-
E.
NAT64
NAT64 is a network address translation mechanism that enables IPv6-only clients to communicate with IPv4 servers by translating between the two protocol address spaces and packet formats.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | network protocol ⓘ |
| abbreviation | STUN ⓘ |
| definedIn | RFC 5389 ⓘ |
| doesNotProvide |
end-to-end encryption
ⓘ
media relay functionality ⓘ |
| facilitates | real-time communication over the Internet ⓘ |
| firstStandardizedYear | 2008 ⓘ |
| hasPurpose |
NAT traversal
ⓘ
public IP address discovery ⓘ public port mapping discovery ⓘ |
| isUsedBy |
SIP phones
ⓘ
VoIP clients ⓘ WebRTC endpoints ⓘ real-time communication servers ⓘ video conferencing applications ⓘ |
| obsoletes | RFC 3489 ⓘ |
| operatesAtLayer | application layer ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
ICE
ⓘ
Interactive Connectivity Establishment ⓘ SIP ⓘ Session Initiation Protocol ⓘ TURN ⓘ Traversal Using Relays around NAT ⓘ VoIP ⓘ WebRTC ⓘ |
| roleInICE | gathering server reflexive candidates ⓘ |
| securityMechanism |
CRC32 fingerprint
ⓘ
HMAC-SHA1 message integrity ⓘ |
| standardizedBy |
IETF
ⓘ
linked to:
Internet Engineering Task Force
IETF MMUSIC working group ⓘ
linked to:
IETF MMUSIC Working Group
|
| supports |
IPv4
ⓘ
IPv6 ⓘ |
| supportsAuthentication |
long-term credentials
ⓘ
short-term credentials ⓘ |
| usesAttribute |
FINGERPRINT
ⓘ
MAPPED-ADDRESS ⓘ MESSAGE-INTEGRITY ⓘ
linked to:
Hash-based Message Authentication Code
USERNAME ⓘ XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS ⓘ |
| usesEncoding | binary message format ⓘ |
| usesMessageType |
Binding Error Response
ⓘ
Binding Request ⓘ Binding Response ⓘ Shared Secret Error Response ⓘ Shared Secret Request ⓘ Shared Secret Response ⓘ |
| usesPort |
TCP port 3478
ⓘ
TCP port 5349 ⓘ UDP port 3478 ⓘ |
| usesTransportProtocol |
TCP
ⓘ
linked to:
Transmission Control Protocol
UDP ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT Description of subject: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a network protocol that enables devices behind Network Address Translators (NATs) to discover their public IP address and port mappings to facilitate real-time communication over the internet.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
RFC 3489
→
protocolFullName
→
Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Through Network Address Translators (NATs)
ⓘ
linked to: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT
linked to: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT
linked to: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT
subject linked to:
STUN protocol