Manfred Eigen
E511106
Manfred Eigen was a German biophysical chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work on extremely fast chemical reactions and contributions to the understanding of molecular evolution.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Manfred Eigen canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5316846 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Manfred Eigen Context triple: [George Porter, sharedNobelPrizeWith, Manfred Eigen]
-
A.
Hartmut Michel
Hartmut Michel is a German biochemist and Nobel laureate renowned for elucidating the structure of membrane proteins, particularly the photosynthetic reaction center.
-
B.
John Polanyi
John Polanyi is a Canadian chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics.
-
C.
Gerhard Herzberg
Gerhard Herzberg was a German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist renowned for his pioneering work in molecular spectroscopy, for which he received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
-
D.
Derek H. R. Barton
Derek H. R. Barton was a Nobel Prize–winning British chemist renowned for his pioneering work in conformational analysis and major contributions to organic chemistry.
-
E.
Albert Eschenmoser
Albert Eschenmoser is a Swiss organic chemist renowned for his pioneering work on the structure and synthesis of vitamin B12 and for fundamental contributions to the understanding of organic reaction mechanisms and prebiotic chemistry.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Manfred Eigen Target entity description: Manfred Eigen was a German biophysical chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work on extremely fast chemical reactions and contributions to the understanding of molecular evolution.
-
A.
Hartmut Michel
Hartmut Michel is a German biochemist and Nobel laureate renowned for elucidating the structure of membrane proteins, particularly the photosynthetic reaction center.
-
B.
John Polanyi
John Polanyi is a Canadian chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics.
-
C.
Gerhard Herzberg
Gerhard Herzberg was a German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist renowned for his pioneering work in molecular spectroscopy, for which he received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
-
D.
Derek H. R. Barton
Derek H. R. Barton was a Nobel Prize–winning British chemist renowned for his pioneering work in conformational analysis and major contributions to organic chemistry.
-
E.
Albert Eschenmoser
Albert Eschenmoser is a Swiss organic chemist renowned for his pioneering work on the structure and synthesis of vitamin B12 and for fundamental contributions to the understanding of organic reaction mechanisms and prebiotic chemistry.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Nobel laureate
ⓘ
biophysical chemist ⓘ chemist ⓘ human ⓘ |
| academicDegree | doctorate in natural sciences ⓘ |
| awardReceived |
Max Planck Medal
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Nobel Prize in Chemistry NERFINISHED ⓘ Otto Hahn Prize NERFINISHED ⓘ Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts NERFINISHED ⓘ Wilhelm Exner Medal NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | Germany ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1927-05-09 ⓘ |
| dateOfDeath | 2019-02-06 ⓘ |
| educatedAt | University of Göttingen ⓘ |
| employer | Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| familyName | Eigen NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
biophysical chemistry
ⓘ
chemical kinetics ⓘ molecular evolution ⓘ physical chemistry ⓘ |
| givenName | Manfred NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasPublication |
Self-Organization of Matter and the Evolution of Biological Macromolecules
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Steps Towards Life: A Perspective on Evolution NERFINISHED ⓘ The Hypercycle: A Principle of Natural Self-Organization NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| knownFor |
development of relaxation methods in chemical kinetics
ⓘ
hypercycle theory ⓘ quasispecies model ⓘ studies of extremely fast chemical reactions ⓘ theory of molecular evolution ⓘ |
| languageOfWorkOrName |
English
ⓘ
German ⓘ |
| memberOf |
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
ⓘ
German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina NERFINISHED ⓘ Max Planck Society NERFINISHED ⓘ National Academy of Sciences ⓘ Pontifical Academy of Sciences NERFINISHED ⓘ Royal Society ⓘ |
| nationality | German ⓘ |
| NobelPrize.category | Chemistry ⓘ |
| NobelPrize.motivation | for studies of extremely fast chemical reactions ⓘ |
| NobelPrize.year | 1967 ⓘ |
| notableStudent | Peter Schuster NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth |
Bochum
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Weimar Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| placeOfDeath |
Germany
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Göttingen NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| positionHeld | director of Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry ⓘ |
| sexOrGender | male ⓘ |
| workLocation | Göttingen NERFINISHED ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Manfred Eigen Description of subject: Manfred Eigen was a German biophysical chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work on extremely fast chemical reactions and contributions to the understanding of molecular evolution.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.