Neogene
E50223
The Neogene is a geologic period of the Cenozoic Era characterized by significant climatic cooling, the diversification of mammals and birds, and the emergence and evolution of early hominins.
All labels observed (7)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Neogene canonical | 21 |
| Neogene Period | 9 |
| Neogene period | 5 |
| Miocene | 1 |
| Miocene Epoch | 1 |
| Neogene System | 1 |
| Neogene–Quaternary | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T391034 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Neogene Context triple: [Paleogene, precedes, Neogene]
-
A.
Paleogene
The Paleogene is a geologic period that marks the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, characterized by the diversification of mammals and birds following the mass extinction that ended the age of dinosaurs.
-
B.
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic is the current geological era, beginning about 66 million years ago, characterized by the rise and diversification of mammals and birds and the formation of many modern mountain ranges and continents.
-
C.
Pliocene epoch
The Pliocene epoch was a geological time period roughly 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago marked by cooler global climates, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolutionary developments among mammals and early hominins.
-
D.
Quaternary period
The Quaternary period is the most recent division of geologic time, characterized by repeated ice ages, the evolution and global spread of modern humans, and significant climatic fluctuations over the last 2.6 million years.
-
E.
Pleistocene epoch
The Pleistocene epoch was a geological time period characterized by repeated ice ages, widespread glaciation, and the evolution and global spread of modern humans.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Neogene Target entity description: The Neogene is a geologic period of the Cenozoic Era characterized by significant climatic cooling, the diversification of mammals and birds, and the emergence and evolution of early hominins.
-
A.
Paleogene
The Paleogene is a geologic period that marks the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, characterized by the diversification of mammals and birds following the mass extinction that ended the age of dinosaurs.
-
B.
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic is the current geological era, beginning about 66 million years ago, characterized by the rise and diversification of mammals and birds and the formation of many modern mountain ranges and continents.
-
C.
Pliocene epoch
The Pliocene epoch was a geological time period roughly 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago marked by cooler global climates, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolutionary developments among mammals and early hominins.
-
D.
Quaternary period
The Quaternary period is the most recent division of geologic time, characterized by repeated ice ages, the evolution and global spread of modern humans, and significant climatic fluctuations over the last 2.6 million years.
-
E.
Pleistocene epoch
The Pleistocene epoch was a geological time period characterized by repeated ice ages, widespread glaciation, and the evolution and global spread of modern humans.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
chronostratigraphic unit
ⓘ
geologic period ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
continued breakup and rearrangement of continents
ⓘ
development of Antarctic ice sheets ⓘ diversification of birds ⓘ diversification of mammals ⓘ evolution of early hominins ⓘ expansion of grasslands ⓘ global climatic cooling ⓘ increasing aridity in many regions ⓘ modern-style ocean circulation patterns ⓘ onset and strengthening of Northern Hemisphere glaciation toward its end ⓘ |
| contains |
Miocene
ⓘ
Pliocene epoch ⓘ
surface form:
Pliocene
|
| definedBy | International Commission on Stratigraphy ⓘ |
| endTime | approximately 2.58 million years ago ⓘ |
| followedBy | Quaternary ⓘ |
| follows | Paleogene ⓘ |
| hasLowerBoundaryDefinedBy | base of the Miocene ⓘ |
| hasMajorEvent |
Mediterranean Sea desiccation and reflooding
ⓘ
Messinian Salinity Crisis (late Miocene) ⓘ appearance of the genus Homo near its end ⓘ closure of the Tethys Ocean remnants ⓘ development of modern marine plankton communities ⓘ evolution and diversification of apes ⓘ formation of the Isthmus of Panama (late Neogene) ⓘ intensification of the Gulf Stream ⓘ major faunal exchanges between continents ⓘ modernization of terrestrial plant communities ⓘ progressive closure of the Central American Seaway ⓘ radiation of grazing mammals ⓘ spread of C4 grasses ⓘ uplift of the Andes (continuing) ⓘ uplift of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (continuing) ⓘ |
| hasStratotype | Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for its base ⓘ |
| hasUpperBoundaryDefinedBy | base of the Pleistocene ⓘ |
| locationOfTypeSection | Lemme-Carrosio section, Italy (Miocene GSSP) ⓘ |
| partOf |
Cenozoic
ⓘ
surface form:
Cenozoic Era
Cenozoic thermal and climatic evolution ⓘ Phanerozoic Eon ⓘ |
| precededBy | Paleogene climatic optimums ⓘ |
| startTime | approximately 23.03 million years ago ⓘ |
| subdividedInto |
Early Miocene
ⓘ
Pliocene epoch ⓘ
surface form:
Early Pliocene
Late Miocene ⓘ Pliocene epoch ⓘ
surface form:
Late Pliocene
Middle Miocene ⓘ |
| timeSpan | Miocene and Pliocene epochs ⓘ |
| usedIn | geologic time scale ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Neogene Description of subject: The Neogene is a geologic period of the Cenozoic Era characterized by significant climatic cooling, the diversification of mammals and birds, and the emergence and evolution of early hominins.
Referenced by (39)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Neogene Period
this entity surface form:
Miocene
this entity surface form:
Neogene Period
subject surface form:
Great American Biotic Interchange
this entity surface form:
Neogene period
this entity surface form:
Neogene Period
this entity surface form:
Neogene period
this entity surface form:
Neogene Period
this entity surface form:
Neogene period
this entity surface form:
Neogene period
subject surface form:
Messinian Salinity Crisis
this entity surface form:
Neogene period
subject surface form:
Lemme-Carrosio section
this entity surface form:
Neogene System
this entity surface form:
Neogene Period
this entity surface form:
Neogene Period
this entity surface form:
Neogene Period
this entity surface form:
Neogene Period
this entity surface form:
Neogene–Quaternary