Clean Water Act
E4930
The Clean Water Act is a landmark U.S. environmental law that regulates the discharge of pollutants into the nation’s waters and sets water quality standards to protect human health and aquatic ecosystems.
All labels observed (15)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T77963 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Clean Water Act Context triple: [United States Environmental Protection Agency, enforces, Clean Water Act]
-
A.
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement is a binational accord between the United States and Canada that establishes shared commitments and coordinated actions to protect and restore the water quality and ecosystem health of the Great Lakes.
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B.
U.S. Endangered Species Act
The U.S. Endangered Species Act is a landmark federal law that provides legal protection and conservation measures for species at risk of extinction and the ecosystems on which they depend.
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C.
United States Environmental Protection Agency
The United States Environmental Protection Agency is a federal government agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment through regulation, enforcement, and environmental research in the United States.
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D.
Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933
The Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933 was New Deal legislation that created the Civilian Conservation Corps to provide jobs through natural resource conservation and public works projects during the Great Depression.
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E.
Council on Environmental Quality
The Council on Environmental Quality is a U.S. federal agency that coordinates environmental efforts across the executive branch and oversees implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Clean Water Act Target entity description: The Clean Water Act is a landmark U.S. environmental law that regulates the discharge of pollutants into the nation’s waters and sets water quality standards to protect human health and aquatic ecosystems.
-
A.
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement is a binational accord between the United States and Canada that establishes shared commitments and coordinated actions to protect and restore the water quality and ecosystem health of the Great Lakes.
-
B.
U.S. Endangered Species Act
The U.S. Endangered Species Act is a landmark federal law that provides legal protection and conservation measures for species at risk of extinction and the ecosystems on which they depend.
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C.
United States Environmental Protection Agency
The United States Environmental Protection Agency is a federal government agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment through regulation, enforcement, and environmental research in the United States.
-
D.
Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933
The Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933 was New Deal legislation that created the Civilian Conservation Corps to provide jobs through natural resource conservation and public works projects during the Great Depression.
-
E.
Council on Environmental Quality
The Council on Environmental Quality is a U.S. federal agency that coordinates environmental efforts across the executive branch and oversees implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (52)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
environmental law ⓘ |
| abbreviation |
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
ⓘ
surface form:
NPDES
|
| addresses | nonpoint source pollution through grants and planning ⓘ |
| administeredBy |
United States Environmental Protection Agency
ⓘ
state environmental agencies ⓘ |
| aimsToProtect |
aquatic ecosystems
ⓘ
human health ⓘ |
| allows | citizen suits ⓘ |
| amendedIn |
1977
ⓘ
1981 ⓘ 1987 ⓘ |
| amends | Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 ⓘ |
| authorizes |
EPA to set effluent limitations
ⓘ
EPA to set water quality standards ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | Title 33 of the United States Code ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| defines | point source ⓘ |
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| enactmentDate | 1972-10-18 ⓘ |
| establishes |
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
ⓘ
basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into U.S. waters ⓘ |
| primaryGoal |
restore and maintain the biological integrity of the Nation’s waters
ⓘ
restore and maintain the chemical integrity of the Nation’s waters ⓘ restore and maintain the physical integrity of the Nation’s waters ⓘ |
| protects |
surface waters
ⓘ
wetlands ⓘ |
| provides |
civil enforcement mechanisms
ⓘ
criminal enforcement mechanisms ⓘ |
| publicLawNumber | Public Law 92-500 ⓘ |
| purpose | eliminate the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters ⓘ |
| regulates |
discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States
ⓘ
point source discharges ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
National Environmental Policy Act
ⓘ
Safe Drinking Water Act ⓘ |
| requires |
permits for industrial discharges
ⓘ
permits for municipal wastewater discharges ⓘ technology-based effluent limits ⓘ water quality–based effluent limits when necessary ⓘ |
| section |
Section 303
ⓘ
Section 319 ⓘ Section 401 ⓘ Section 402 ⓘ Section 404 ⓘ |
| section303Subject | water quality standards and total maximum daily loads ⓘ |
| section319Subject | nonpoint source pollution management ⓘ |
| section401Subject | state water quality certification ⓘ |
| section402Subject | NPDES permitting program ⓘ |
| section404Subject | dredge and fill permits for waters of the United States ⓘ |
| shortName | CWA ⓘ |
| signedBy | Richard Nixon ⓘ |
| yearEnacted | 1972 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Clean Water Act Description of subject: The Clean Water Act is a landmark U.S. environmental law that regulates the discharge of pollutants into the nation’s waters and sets water quality standards to protect human health and aquatic ecosystems.
Referenced by (65)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Oil Pollution Act of 1990
this entity surface form:
Clean Water Act (state implementation) in Washington
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
→
relatedTo
→
Clean Water Act
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
United States Clean Water Act Section 402
subject surface form:
95th United States Congress
this entity surface form:
Clean Water Act amendments of 1977
this entity surface form:
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Federal Water Pollution Control Act
this entity surface form:
Clean Water Act (in Alaska)
this entity surface form:
United States Clean Water Act
this entity surface form:
Clean Water Act Section 303(d)
this entity surface form:
federal Clean Water Act
subject surface form:
Total Maximum Daily Loads program
this entity surface form:
Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act
subject surface form:
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
this entity surface form:
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Clean Water Act (selected provisions related to spills and discharges)