Kawasaki Ki-45

E49254

World War II military aircraft twin-engine heavy fighter aircraft

The Kawasaki Ki-45 was a twin-engine heavy fighter aircraft used by Japan during World War II, notable for its long-range interception and ground-attack roles.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Kawasaki Ki-45 canonical	3
Kawasaki Ki-45 Toryu	2
Army Type 1 Fighter	1
Kawasaki Ki-102	1
Kawasaki Ki-45 series	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T296560 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Kawasaki Ki-45
Context triple: [Imperial Japanese Army Air Service, usedAircraft, Kawasaki Ki-45]

A. Nakajima Ki-44
The Nakajima Ki-44 was a fast, heavily armed Japanese single-seat fighter aircraft of World War II, notable for its emphasis on climb rate and interception over maneuverability.
B. Mitsubishi Ki-67
The Mitsubishi Ki-67 was a twin-engine Japanese World War II medium bomber known for its relatively high speed, maneuverability, and use in a variety of roles including level bombing, torpedo attacks, and kamikaze missions.
C. Nakajima Ki-84
The Nakajima Ki-84 was a late-World War II Japanese single-seat fighter aircraft renowned for its high speed, powerful armament, and effectiveness against Allied fighters and bombers.
D. Mitsubishi Ki-21
The Mitsubishi Ki-21 was a twin-engine Japanese heavy bomber used extensively by the Imperial Japanese Army during the early years of World War II.
E. Nakajima Ki-43
The Nakajima Ki-43 was a highly maneuverable Japanese single-engine fighter aircraft of World War II, widely used in the early and mid-war years across multiple Asian and Pacific battlefronts.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Kawasaki Ki-45
Target entity description: The Kawasaki Ki-45 was a twin-engine heavy fighter aircraft used by Japan during World War II, notable for its long-range interception and ground-attack roles.

A. Nakajima Ki-44
The Nakajima Ki-44 was a fast, heavily armed Japanese single-seat fighter aircraft of World War II, notable for its emphasis on climb rate and interception over maneuverability.
B. Mitsubishi Ki-67
The Mitsubishi Ki-67 was a twin-engine Japanese World War II medium bomber known for its relatively high speed, maneuverability, and use in a variety of roles including level bombing, torpedo attacks, and kamikaze missions.
C. Nakajima Ki-84
The Nakajima Ki-84 was a late-World War II Japanese single-seat fighter aircraft renowned for its high speed, powerful armament, and effectiveness against Allied fighters and bombers.
D. Mitsubishi Ki-21
The Mitsubishi Ki-21 was a twin-engine Japanese heavy bomber used extensively by the Imperial Japanese Army during the early years of World War II.
E. Nakajima Ki-43
The Nakajima Ki-43 was a highly maneuverable Japanese single-engine fighter aircraft of World War II, widely used in the early and mid-war years across multiple Asian and Pacific battlefronts.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	World War II military aircraft ⓘ twin-engine heavy fighter aircraft ⓘ
aircraftConfiguration	twin-engine ⓘ two-seat ⓘ
airframeMaterial	all-metal construction ⓘ
alliedCodeName	Nick ⓘ
armament	machine guns ⓘ nose-mounted cannon ⓘ oblique-firing upward cannon (some night-fighter variants) ⓘ under-fuselage cannon (some variants) ⓘ
category	World War II Japanese fighter aircraft ⓘ military aircraft of Japan ⓘ
conflict	World War II ⓘ
countryOfOrigin	Japan ⓘ
crew	2 ⓘ
designedFor	anti-shipping attack ⓘ bomber interception ⓘ ground attack ⓘ long-range operations ⓘ
era	1930s aircraft ⓘ 1940s aircraft ⓘ
firstFlight	1939 ⓘ
introduced	1942 ⓘ
landingGear	retractable tailwheel landing gear ⓘ
manufacturer	Kawasaki Heavy Industries ⓘ surface form: Kawasaki Aircraft Industries
natoReportingName	Nick ⓘ
notableVariant	Ki-45 Kai ⓘ Ki-45 Kai ⓘ surface form: Ki-45 Kai-Hei Ki-45 Kai ⓘ surface form: Ki-45 Kai-Ko Ki-45 Kai ⓘ surface form: Ki-45 Kai-Otsu Ki-45 Kai ⓘ surface form: Ki-45 Kai-Tei
operator	Imperial Japanese Army Air Service ⓘ
originatedAs	Imperial Japanese Army heavy fighter requirement ⓘ
powerplant	2 × Nakajima Ha-25 radial engines ⓘ
primaryUser	Imperial Japanese Army Air Service ⓘ
propulsionType	piston engine ⓘ
retired	1945 ⓘ
role	ground-attack aircraft ⓘ heavy fighter ⓘ long-range interceptor ⓘ night fighter ⓘ
serviceBranch	Imperial Japanese Army ⓘ
usedAgainst	B-29 Superfortress ⓘ surface form: USAAF B-29 bombers
usedBy	Imperial Japanese Army Air Service ⓘ
usedInRole	anti-bomber night fighter ⓘ bomber destroyer ⓘ
usedInTheater	China Burma India Theater ⓘ surface form: China-Burma-India theater Pacific War ⓘ
wingConfiguration	low-wing monoplane ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (8)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Imperial Japanese Army Air Service → usedAircraft → Kawasaki Ki-45 ⓘ

Oscar → alsoKnownAs → Kawasaki Ki-45 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Army Type 1 Fighter

Nick → refersTo → Kawasaki Ki-45 ⓘ

Ki-45 Kai → developedFrom → Kawasaki Ki-45 ⓘ

Ki-45 Kai → partOfSeries → Kawasaki Ki-45 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Kawasaki Ki-45 series

Mitsubishi Ha-112-II → usedInAircraft → Kawasaki Ki-45 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Kawasaki Ki-102

Takeo Doi → notableWork → Kawasaki Ki-45 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Kawasaki Ki-45 Toryu

Takeo Doi → designed → Kawasaki Ki-45 ⓘ