Venera 12
E491891
Venera 12 was a Soviet space probe launched in 1978 as part of the Venera program to study Venus’s atmosphere and surface.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Venera 12 canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4780828 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Venera 12 Context triple: [Venera missions, spacecraftSeries, Venera 12]
-
A.
Venera 11
Venera 11 was a Soviet space probe launched in 1978 as part of the Venera program to study Venus’s atmosphere and surface.
-
B.
Venera 10
Venera 10 was a Soviet space probe that successfully orbited Venus and transmitted data from its surface as part of the USSR’s pioneering Venera program.
-
C.
Venera 9
Venera 9 was a Soviet spacecraft that became the first human-made probe to successfully return images from the surface of Venus.
-
D.
Venera 8
Venera 8 was a Soviet space probe that successfully landed on Venus in 1972 and transmitted data from its surface, contributing significantly to early Venus exploration.
-
E.
Venera 5
Venera 5 was a Soviet space probe launched in 1969 as part of the Venera program to study the atmosphere and surface conditions of Venus.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Venera 12 Target entity description: Venera 12 was a Soviet space probe launched in 1978 as part of the Venera program to study Venus’s atmosphere and surface.
-
A.
Venera 11
Venera 11 was a Soviet space probe launched in 1978 as part of the Venera program to study Venus’s atmosphere and surface.
-
B.
Venera 10
Venera 10 was a Soviet space probe that successfully orbited Venus and transmitted data from its surface as part of the USSR’s pioneering Venera program.
-
C.
Venera 9
Venera 9 was a Soviet spacecraft that became the first human-made probe to successfully return images from the surface of Venus.
-
D.
Venera 8
Venera 8 was a Soviet space probe that successfully landed on Venus in 1972 and transmitted data from its surface, contributing significantly to early Venus exploration.
-
E.
Venera 5
Venera 5 was a Soviet space probe launched in 1969 as part of the Venera program to study the atmosphere and surface conditions of Venus.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | space probe ⓘ |
| arrivalAtVenusDate | 1978-12-21 ⓘ |
| atmosphericEntryDate | 1978-12-21 ⓘ |
| carriedInstrument |
anemometer
ⓘ
barometer ⓘ charged particle detector ⓘ gamma-ray spectrometer ⓘ gas chromatograph ⓘ magnetometer ⓘ mass spectrometer ⓘ nephelometer ⓘ radio science experiment ⓘ solar wind detector ⓘ thermometer ⓘ ultraviolet photometer ⓘ |
| communicationBand | radio ⓘ |
| COSPAR_ID | 1978-094A ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Soviet Union ⓘ |
| designedFor |
study of Venus atmosphere
ⓘ
study of Venus cloud layers ⓘ study of Venus surface conditions ⓘ |
| landingBody | Venus ⓘ |
| landingDate | 1978-12-21 ⓘ |
| landingType | hard landing ⓘ |
| launchDate | 1978-09-14 ⓘ |
| launchSite |
Baikonur Cosmodrome
ⓘ
Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81 ⓘ
linked to:
Baikonur Cosmodrome
|
| launchVehicle |
Proton-K rocket
ⓘ
linked to:
Proton rocket
|
| manufacturer |
Lavochkin Association
ⓘ
linked to:
Lavochkin design bureau
|
| missionOutcome | partially successful ⓘ |
| missionTarget | Venus ⓘ |
| missionType |
atmospheric probe
ⓘ
flyby spacecraft ⓘ lander ⓘ |
| operator | Soviet space program ⓘ |
| partOf |
Venera program
ⓘ
linked to:
Venera missions
|
| programSequence |
follows Venera 11
ⓘ
precedes Venera 13 ⓘ |
| SATCAT_number | 11020 ⓘ |
| spaceAgency | Soviet Academy of Sciences ⓘ |
| spacecraftBus |
Venera bus
ⓘ
linked to:
Venera 4-type bus
|
| studied |
Venus atmospheric composition
ⓘ
Venus atmospheric pressure ⓘ Venus atmospheric temperature profile ⓘ Venus cloud structure ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Venera 12 Description of subject: Venera 12 was a Soviet space probe launched in 1978 as part of the Venera program to study Venus’s atmosphere and surface.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.