Schism of 1159

Target entity: Schism of 1159
Context triple: [Pope Alexander III, event, Schism of 1159]

• A. Western Schism
  The Western Schism was a prolonged split within the Catholic Church (1378–1417) during which multiple rival claimants to the papacy simultaneously asserted their legitimacy, deeply dividing Christendom.
• B. Photian Schism
  The Photian Schism was a 9th-century ecclesiastical dispute between the Eastern and Western Christian churches centered on the contested patriarchate of Constantinople and papal authority, foreshadowing the later East–West Schism.
• C. East–West Schism
  The East–West Schism was the 1054 split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, driven by long-standing theological, political, and cultural disputes that permanently divided Western and Eastern Christianity.
• D. Investiture Controversy
  The Investiture Controversy was an 11th–12th century power struggle between the papacy and secular rulers over who held the authority to appoint bishops and other high church officials.
• E. Peace of Constance
  The Peace of Constance was a 1183 agreement that ended the conflict between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and the Lombard League by recognizing the autonomy of the Italian communes while preserving imperial overlordship.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Schism of 1159
Target entity description: The Schism of 1159 was a major papal schism in which rival claimants to the papacy, including Alexander III and an imperial-backed antipope, divided the Church and European politics for nearly two decades.

• A. Western Schism
  The Western Schism was a prolonged split within the Catholic Church (1378–1417) during which multiple rival claimants to the papacy simultaneously asserted their legitimacy, deeply dividing Christendom.
• B. Photian Schism
  The Photian Schism was a 9th-century ecclesiastical dispute between the Eastern and Western Christian churches centered on the contested patriarchate of Constantinople and papal authority, foreshadowing the later East–West Schism.
• C. East–West Schism
  The East–West Schism was the 1054 split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, driven by long-standing theological, political, and cultural disputes that permanently divided Western and Eastern Christianity.
• D. Investiture Controversy
  The Investiture Controversy was an 11th–12th century power struggle between the papacy and secular rulers over who held the authority to appoint bishops and other high church officials.
• E. Peace of Constance
  The Peace of Constance was a 1183 agreement that ended the conflict between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and the Lombard League by recognizing the autonomy of the Italian communes while preserving imperial overlordship.
• F. None of above. chosen