Act against Restraints of Competition
E459815
The Act against Restraints of Competition is Germany’s primary antitrust law governing the prevention of cartels, abuse of market dominance, and other anti-competitive practices.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Act Against Restraints of Competition | 1 |
| Act against Restraints of Competition canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4687152 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Act against Restraints of Competition Context triple: [Federal Cartel Office, appliesLaw, Act against Restraints of Competition]
-
A.
United States antitrust law
United States antitrust law is the body of federal and state legislation and case law designed to promote competition and prevent monopolistic practices, price-fixing, and other forms of anti-competitive behavior in the American economy.
-
B.
U.S. Department of Justice antitrust litigation
U.S. Department of Justice antitrust litigation refers to federal legal actions brought by the DOJ to challenge and remedy anti-competitive business practices that violate U.S. antitrust laws.
-
C.
Robinson-Patman Act
The Robinson-Patman Act is a U.S. federal antitrust law enacted in 1936 that targets price discrimination by large sellers to protect small businesses and promote fair competition.
-
D.
Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
The Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights is a U.S. Senate panel that oversees antitrust law enforcement, competition policy, and consumer protection issues within the federal legislative process.
-
E.
The Antitrust Paradox
The Antitrust Paradox is a highly influential 1978 book by legal scholar Robert Bork that reshaped U.S. antitrust law by arguing that its primary goal should be the protection of consumer welfare rather than competitors.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Act against Restraints of Competition Target entity description: The Act against Restraints of Competition is Germany’s primary antitrust law governing the prevention of cartels, abuse of market dominance, and other anti-competitive practices.
-
A.
United States antitrust law
United States antitrust law is the body of federal and state legislation and case law designed to promote competition and prevent monopolistic practices, price-fixing, and other forms of anti-competitive behavior in the American economy.
-
B.
U.S. Department of Justice antitrust litigation
U.S. Department of Justice antitrust litigation refers to federal legal actions brought by the DOJ to challenge and remedy anti-competitive business practices that violate U.S. antitrust laws.
-
C.
Robinson-Patman Act
The Robinson-Patman Act is a U.S. federal antitrust law enacted in 1936 that targets price discrimination by large sellers to protect small businesses and promote fair competition.
-
D.
Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
The Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights is a U.S. Senate panel that oversees antitrust law enforcement, competition policy, and consumer protection issues within the federal legislative process.
-
E.
The Antitrust Paradox
The Antitrust Paradox is a highly influential 1978 book by legal scholar Robert Bork that reshaped U.S. antitrust law by arguing that its primary goal should be the protection of consumer welfare rather than competitors.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
German federal statute
ⓘ
antitrust law ⓘ competition law ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
prevent restraints of competition
ⓘ
protect competition ⓘ |
| allowsFor | leniency for cartel participants ⓘ |
| appliesAlongside | EU competition rules ⓘ |
| appliesTo | undertakings operating in Germany ⓘ |
| containsProvisionOn |
abuse control
ⓘ
cartel prohibition ⓘ fines and sanctions ⓘ merger notification ⓘ |
| country | Germany ⓘ |
| enforcedBy |
Bundeskartellamt
ⓘ
linked to:
Federal Cartel Office
German competition authorities ⓘ |
| harmonizedWith |
European Union competition law
ⓘ
linked to:
European Union competition policy
|
| isBasisFor | private damages actions for competition law infringements in Germany ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | Germany ⓘ |
| legalArea |
competition law
ⓘ
economic law ⓘ |
| legalSystem | civil law system of Germany ⓘ |
| originalLanguage | German ⓘ |
| protects |
competitive market structures
ⓘ
consumer welfare through competition ⓘ |
| providesFor |
administrative fines
ⓘ
commitment decisions ⓘ merger prohibition ⓘ prohibition decisions ⓘ |
| purpose | ensure undistorted competition in Germany ⓘ |
| regulates |
abuse of market dominance
ⓘ
anti-competitive agreements ⓘ cartels ⓘ merger control ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Article 101 TFEU
ⓘ
linked to:
TFEU Article 101
Article 102 TFEU ⓘ |
| scope |
agreements with effect on German markets
ⓘ
public and private undertakings ⓘ |
| shortName | GWB ⓘ |
| subjectOf | German antitrust enforcement ⓘ |
| targets |
abusive pricing by dominant firms
ⓘ
anti-competitive mergers ⓘ hardcore cartels ⓘ |
| typeOf | public economic law ⓘ |
| usedBy |
Bundeskartellamt decision practice
ⓘ
German courts ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Act against Restraints of Competition Description of subject: The Act against Restraints of Competition is Germany’s primary antitrust law governing the prevention of cartels, abuse of market dominance, and other anti-competitive practices.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Act against Restraints of Competition